{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T17:20:05Z","timestamp":1775841605369,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]],"date-time":"2023-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696550400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004733","name":"University of Macau","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MYRG2019-00066-FHS; MYRG2022-00187-FHS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MYRG2019-00066-FHS; MYRG2022-00187-FHS"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004733","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>In December 2022, China terminated its dynamic zero-COVID policy. To date, however, no research has been conducted upon mental health issues and their relationship with quality of life (hereafter QoL) among fire service recruits since the dynamic zero-COVID policy ended. This study explored fear of COVID-19 (FOC) prevalence and correlates as well as its network structure and interconnections with QoL among fire service recruits.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A cross-sectional survey design was used to assess fire service recruits in Beijing and Sichuan, Guangxi and Guizhou provinces of China between February 13 and 16, 2023. Fear of COVID-19 was measured using the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, depression was assessed with the Patient Health Questionnaire, anxiety was examined using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale, and QOL was evaluated with the World Health Organization Quality of Life-brief version. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to explore correlates of COVID-19 fear. Network analysis assessed the structure of fear of COVID-19 and its associations with QoL.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 1,560 participants were included in this study. The overall prevalence of fear of COVID-19 was 38.85% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009606; 95% CI\u2009=\u200936.42\u201341.32%). Being afraid of COVID-19 was significantly related to depression (OR\u2009=\u20091.084; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009O.OO1) and physical fatigue (OR\u2009=\u20091.063; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.026). Fire service recruits with more fear of COVID-19 had lower QOL (<jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200918.061 <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001) than those with less fear of COVID-19 did. The most central symptoms included FOC6 (\u201cSleep difficulties caused by worry about COVID-19\u201d), FOC7 (\u201cPalpitations when thinking about COVID-19\u201d) and FOC2 (\u201cUncomfortable to think about COVID-19\u201d). The top three symptoms negatively associated with QoL were FOC4 (\u201cAfraid of losing life because of COVID-19\u201d), FOC6 (\u201cSleep difficulties caused by worry about COVID-19\u201d) and FOC2 (\u201cUncomfortable to think about COVID-19\u201d).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Over one-third of fire service recruits reported fear of COVID-19 after China\u2019s dynamic zero-COVID policy had terminated. Poorer QoL was related to fear of COVID-19. Targeting core symptoms of the fear network structure could help improve the physical and mental health of fire service recruits during public health crises.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1257943","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]],"date-time":"2023-10-06T06:59:24Z","timestamp":1696575564000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Prevalence of COVID-19 fear and its association with quality of life among fire service recruits after ceasing the dynamic zero-COVID policy in China"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Jian","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tong Leong","family":"Si","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yue-Ying","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhaohui","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Teris","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Todd","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu-Tao","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1732","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.45120","article-title":"Progression of mental health services during the COVID-19 outbreak in China","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Biol Sci"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(22)00508-2","article-title":"Moving away from zero COVID in China","volume":"11","author":"Burki","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-020-02724-x","article-title":"Quality of life under the COVID-19 quarantine","volume":"30","author":"Ferreira","year":"2021","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2137","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.5460","article-title":"Governmental public health powers during the COVID-19 pandemic: stay-at-home orders, business closures, and travel restrictions","volume":"323","author":"Gostin","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10607","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-10979-2","article-title":"Effects of a healthy lifestyle intervention and COVID-19-adjusted training curriculum on firefighter recruits","volume":"12","author":"Lan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.16859\/j.cnki.cn12-9204\/tu.2020.24.031","article-title":"Study on the mechanism of combat-oriented training for newly recruited firefighters","volume":"24","author":"Ma","year":"2020","journal-title":"China Acad J Electron Publ House"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.2147\/PRBM.S249650","article-title":"Factors influencing the mental health of firefighters in Shantou City, China","volume":"13","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychol Res Behav Manag"},{"key":"ref8","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20021097","article-title":"Causal model analysis of the effect of formalism, fear of infection, COVID-19 stress on firefighters\u2019 post-traumatic stress syndrome and insomnia","volume":"20","author":"Tang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20566","article-title":"Progress in achieving quantitative classification of psychopathology","volume":"17","author":"Krueger","year":"2018","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-020-00270-8","article-title":"The fear of COVID-19 scale: development and initial validation","author":"Ahorsu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Ment Heal Addict"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.24869\/psyd.2020.266","article-title":"Fear and depression among residents of Bosnia and Herzegovina during COVID-19 outbreak-internet survey","volume":"32","author":"\u0160ljivo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychiatr Danub"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114596","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2022.114596","article-title":"Fear of Covid-19 and health-related outcomes: results from two Brazilian population-based studies","volume":"313","author":"Meller","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0270567","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0270567","article-title":"Fear and death anxiety in the shadow of COVID-19 among the Lebanese population: a cross-sectional study","volume":"17","author":"Chalhoub","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1111\/inm.12726","article-title":"The COVID-19 pandemic and mental health impacts","volume":"29","author":"Usher","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Ment Health Nurs"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1037\/tra0000200","article-title":"Anticipatory fear and helplessness predict PTSD and depression in domestic violence survivors","volume":"9","author":"Salcioglu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychol Trauma"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1111\/cpsp.12125","article-title":"The hopelessness theory of depression: a quarter century in review","volume":"22","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Psychol (New York)"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"1244","volume-title":"The concepts of stress and stress system disorders: overview of behavioral and physical homeostasis","author":"Chrousos","year":"1991"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5338","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17155338","article-title":"Perceived job insecurity and depressive symptoms among Italian dentists: the moderating role of fear of COVID-19","volume":"17","author":"Gasparro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2021.102415","article-title":"The latent and item structure of COVID-19 fear: a comparison of four COVID-19 fear questionnaires using SEM and network analyses","volume":"81","author":"Mertens","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Anxiety Disord"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v048.i04","article-title":"Qgraph: network visualizations of relationships in psychometric data","volume":"48","author":"Epskamp","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0167490","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0167490","article-title":"Major depression as a complex dynamic system","volume":"11","author":"Cramer","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1164232","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1164232","article-title":"Depression and quality of life among Macau residents in the 2022 COVID-19 pandemic wave from the perspective of network analysis","volume":"14","author":"Si","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.12.093","article-title":"Inter-relationships of depressive and anxiety symptoms with suicidality among adolescents: a network perspective","volume":"324","author":"Cai","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3934","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.69460","article-title":"Depressive symptoms and gender differences in older adults in Hong Kong during the COVID-19 pandemic: a network analysis approach","volume":"18","author":"Jin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Biol Sci"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.1111\/jonm.13285","article-title":"Nursing professionals' mental well-being and workplace impairment during the COVID-19 crisis: a network analysis","volume":"29","author":"Tokac","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Nurs Manag"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103062","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103062","article-title":"Network structure of PTSD symptoms in Chinese male firefighters","volume":"72","author":"Yuan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Asian J Psychiatr"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1113122","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1113122","article-title":"Prevalence of insomnia and its association with quality of life among Macau residents shortly after the summer 2022 COVID-19 outbreak: a network analysis perspective","volume":"14","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Psych"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.01.068","article-title":"Identification of central symptoms in internet addictions and depression among adolescents in Macau: a network analysis","volume":"302","author":"Cai","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2012.06.007","article-title":"Cut points on 0\u201310 numeric rating scales for symptoms included in the Edmonton symptom assessment scale in Cancer patients: a systematic review","volume":"45","author":"Oldenmenger","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manag"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661078","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.661078","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of fear of COVID-19","volume":"12","author":"Luo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"ref32","first-page":"778","article-title":"Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of fear of coronavirus disease 2019 scale (Chinese)","volume":"42","author":"Feng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acad J Second Mil Univ"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6824","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19116824","article-title":"A network analysis of the fear of COVID-19 scale (FCV-19S): a large-scale cross-cultural study in Iran, Bangladesh, and Norway","volume":"19","author":"Lecuona","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"ref34","first-page":"241","article-title":"Diagnostic test of screening depressive disorders in general hospital with the patient health questionnaire","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chin Ment Health J"},{"key":"ref35","first-page":"200","article-title":"A study on the reliability and validity of generalized anxiety scale in general hospitals","volume":"22","author":"He","year":"2010","journal-title":"Shanghai Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291798006667","article-title":"Development of the World Health Organization WHOQOL-BREF quality of life assessment","volume":"28","year":"1998","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"ref37","volume-title":"R: a language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-017-0862-1","article-title":"Estimating psychological networks and their accuracy: a tutorial paper","volume":"50","author":"Epskamp","year":"2018","journal-title":"Behav Res Methods"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1037\/abn0000181","article-title":"Identifying highly influential nodes in the complicated grief network","volume":"125","author":"Robinaugh","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"},{"key":"ref40","author":"Haslbeck","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2689","DOI":"10.2147\/RMHP.S317039","article-title":"Prevalence and factors associated with fear of COVID-19 among homeless individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from the Hamburg survey of homeless individuals","volume":"14","author":"Hajek","year":"2021","journal-title":"Risk Manag Healthc Policy"},{"key":"ref42","first-page":"1155","article-title":"Study on the mental health status and social influencing factors of newly recruited firefighters during the intensive training period","volume":"41","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"China Acad J Electron Publ House"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1080\/07481187.2021.1889097","article-title":"The relationship between fear of COVID-19 and mental health problems: a meta-analysis","volume":"46","author":"\u015eim\u015fir","year":"2022","journal-title":"Death Stud"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30460-8","article-title":"The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence","volume":"395","author":"Brooks","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12543","DOI":"10.1111\/appy.12543","article-title":"Loneliness in older Chinese adults amid the COVID-19 pandemic: prevalence and associated factors","author":"Ruan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Asia Pac Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1980","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-020-00294-0","article-title":"Adaptation of the fear of COVID-19 scale: its association with psychological distress and life satisfaction in Turkey","volume":"19","author":"Satici","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Ment Heal Addict"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-373951-3.00112-5","article-title":"Emotion dysregulation","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of adolescence","author":"Hilt","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0b013e3283503669","article-title":"Emotion regulation and mental health: recent findings, current challenges, and future directions","volume":"25","author":"Berking","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Opin Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S17","DOI":"10.1037\/tra0000924","article-title":"Fear of COVID-19 and the mental health consequences in America","volume":"12","author":"Fitzpatrick","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychol Trauma Theory Res Pract Policy"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1007\/s12576-015-0399-y","article-title":"Frontier studies on fatigue, autonomic nerve dysfunction, and sleep-rhythm disorder","volume":"65","author":"Tanaka","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Physiol Sci"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.99.1.20","article-title":"Emotional processing of fear: exposure to corrective information","volume":"99","author":"Foa","year":"1986","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2005.09.025","article-title":"Contributions of the amygdala to emotion processing: from animal models to human behavior","volume":"48","author":"Phelps","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2369","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-020-00331-y","article-title":"Fear of COVID-19 and positivity: mediating role of intolerance of uncertainty, depression, anxiety, and stress","volume":"19","author":"Bakio\u011flu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Ment Heal Addict"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-4-238","article-title":"Determinants of fatigue and stress","volume":"4","author":"Kocalevent","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-10927-1","article-title":"Worry and mental health in the Covid-19 pandemic: vulnerability factors in the general Norwegian population","volume":"21","author":"Blix","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1177\/0141076820930665","article-title":"Uncertainty and COVID-19: how are we to respond?","volume":"113","author":"Koffman","year":"2020","journal-title":"J R Soc Med"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-021-03310-2","article-title":"COVID-19 uncertainty and sleep: the roles of perceived stress and intolerance of uncertainty during the early stage of the COVID-19 outbreak","volume":"21","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.5498\/wjp.v5.i4.432","article-title":"Impact of social isolation on behavioral health in elderly: systematic review","volume":"5","author":"Choi","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-200009000-00014","article-title":"Psychological and perceptual factors associated with arrhythmias and benign palpitations","volume":"62","author":"Ehlers","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1111\/hex.13055","article-title":"Letter to the editor: headline stress disorder caused by Netnews during the outbreak of COVID-19","volume":"23","author":"Dong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Health Expect"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e22615","DOI":"10.5812\/ircmj.22615","article-title":"Relationship between palpitation and mental health","volume":"18","author":"Alijaniha","year":"2016","journal-title":"Iran Red Crescent Med J"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(93)90036-T","article-title":"Psychological treatment of panic: work in progress on outcome, active ingredients, and follow-up","volume":"31","author":"Margraf","year":"1993","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-022-03622-w","article-title":"Network analysis of the relationships between conspiracy beliefs towards COVID-19 vaccine and symptoms of fear of COVID-19 in a sample of Latin American countries","author":"Caycho-Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr Psychol"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.03.016","article-title":"Muscle tension in generalized anxiety disorder: a critical review of the literature","volume":"23","author":"Pluess","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Anxiety Disord"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.29.2.235","article-title":"Functional abdominal pain, psychiatric illness, and life events","volume":"29","author":"Creed","year":"1988","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1176\/foc.9.3.foc369","article-title":"What is an anxiety disorder?","volume":"9","author":"Craske","year":"2011","journal-title":"Focus"},{"key":"ref67","first-page":"7","volume-title":"Death anxiety","author":"Lonetto","year":"1986"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.58.2.308","article-title":"Evidence for terror management theory II: the effects of mortality salience on reactions to those who threaten or bolster the cultural worldview","volume":"58","author":"Greenberg","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"003022282211406","DOI":"10.1177\/00302228221140650","article-title":"Cancer-related stigmatization, quality of life, and fear of death among newly diagnosed cancer patients","author":"Sarfraz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Omega (Westport)"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2016.04.008","article-title":"Prospective study of psychiatric illness as a predictor of weight loss and health related quality of life one year after bariatric surgery","volume":"86","author":"Thomson","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1080\/07481189608252787","article-title":"Toward a comprehensive model of death anxiety","volume":"20","author":"Tomer","year":"1996","journal-title":"Death Stud"},{"key":"ref72","first-page":"1","article-title":"The study of quality of life and personality traits of NEO five factors concerning death anxiety in Shahed university students","volume":"2","author":"Maddahi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Sci Eng Res"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jana.2009.07.007","article-title":"A comparison of death anxiety and quality of life of patients with advanced cancer or AIDS and their family caregivers","volume":"21","author":"Sherman","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0237626","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0237626","article-title":"Risk perception of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its related factors among college students in China during quarantine","volume":"15","author":"Ding","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1177\/0706743720932041","article-title":"Feasibility and preliminary results of effectiveness of social media-based intervention on the psychological well-being of suspected COVID-19 cases during quarantine","volume":"65","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatr"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Public Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1257943\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]],"date-time":"2023-10-06T06:59:36Z","timestamp":1696575576000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1257943\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]]},"references-count":75,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1257943"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1257943","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2565","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]]},"article-number":"1257943"}}