{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T11:41:13Z","timestamp":1789472473788,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,14]],"date-time":"2023-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694649600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The COVID-19 pandemic has been recognized as an international public health emergency. The aim of our study was to identify contributors to nurses\u2019 depression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This survey-based study was conducted in the Pomeranian Medical University Hospital no. 1 in Szczecin and involved 207 nurses. The following standardized research instruments were applied: the World Assumptions Scale, the Athens Insomnia Scale, the Impact of Event Scale - Revised, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder, the Perceived Stress Scale, and a questionnaire of our own authorship.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study showed that 72.95% of the subjects experienced severe stress, and 40.58% suffered from insomnia. In addition, 65.7% of the respondents had anxiety symptoms of varying degrees of severity, and 62.8% had depressive symptoms of mild to severe severity. The mean score on the IES-R scale, reflecting a psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, was 34.25. The COVID-19 pandemic affected the psychological health of medical staff, particularly through increased stress and anxiety symptoms. Anxiety levels and insomnia significantly affect the prevalence of depression among nurses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The COVID-19 pandemic has been recognized as an international public health emergency. The COVID-19 pandemic affected the psychological health of medical staff, particularly through increased stress and anxiety symptoms. It is important to conduct further research after the COVID-19 pandemic has ended.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1272082","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,14]],"date-time":"2023-09-14T22:47:51Z","timestamp":1694731671000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Exploring factors influencing depression among Polish nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Kamila","family":"Rachubi\u0144ska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariusz","family":"Panczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcin","family":"Sygut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Przemys\u0142aw","family":"Ustianowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"El\u017cbieta","family":"Grochans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna Maria","family":"Cybulska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"9","article-title":"Coronavirus as a challenge for contemporary society media and social coemmunication","volume":"2022","author":"Marcinkiewicz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pol Towarzystwo Komunikacji Spo\u0142ecznej"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.12740\/PP\/120373","article-title":"Mental health impact of the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"54","author":"Heitzman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychiatr Pol"},{"key":"ref4","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1732","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.45120","article-title":"Progression of mental health services during the COVID-19 outbreak in China","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Biol Sci"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-020-0695-z","article-title":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus: the species and its viruses \u2013 a statement of the coronavirus study group. 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