{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:28:36Z","timestamp":1787027316556,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,16]],"date-time":"2023-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700092800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Globally and in India, breast cancer is a prevalent malignancy. India saw 178,361 new cases and 90,000 deaths in 2020. Timely detection is vital, highlighting the importance of Breast Self-Examination (BSE), especially in low-income settings. Strengthening BSE in awareness and screening efforts is urgent. Despite awareness, practical application lags due to women\u2019s reluctance. Effective execution demands partnerships, a multi-sectoral strategy, and training grassroots workers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To address these challenges, the present study aims to strengthen the breast cancer screening program using BSE strategy and adopting a referral mechanism for the diagnosis and treatment of suspect cases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A community-based study occurred in specific districts of Rajasthan (2017\u20132022), enhancing breast cancer screening for women aged 30\u201365. It involved healthcare providers and local women, utilizing tools like the MT-DM-GP6620 Breast Inspection Model, educational booklets, and semi-structured schedules. The strategy encompassed knowledge assessment, capacity building for healthcare providers, BSE training, increasing women\u2019s breast cancer awareness, suspect case referrals, and phone-based follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study encompassed 157,225 women aged 30\u201365 in Jodhpur, Jalore, and Pali districts. Initial breast self-examination (BSE) awareness was below 1%. BSE training reached 218,978 women using booklets and demonstrations, with 72% aged 30\u201365 and the rest 15\u201330. Follow-ups reinforced BSE, leading to 745 identified suspect breast cancer cases, mostly due to painless lumps (332 cases). Capacity-building workshops involving 824 medical and paramedical staff strengthened early breast cancer detection in Jodhpur and Jalore, in collaboration with the district health department.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study model\u2019s success suggests its applicability in other Rajasthan districts, Indian states, and global breast cancer prevention programs. While positive outcomes were evident, challenges related to culture, cost, and benefits warrant consideration. The approach prioritized early detection through community engagement, reducing patient and government burdens. Community involvement and healthcare engagement were pivotal, with breast self-examination proving effective for enhancing awareness and early detection. Promoting BSE education can significantly enhance breast cancer awareness and early detection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1276853","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,16]],"date-time":"2023-11-16T07:06:30Z","timestamp":1700118390000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Strengthening breast cancer screening program through health education of women and capacity building of primary healthcare providers"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Ramesh Kumar","family":"Sangwan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramesh Kumar","family":"Huda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ansuman","family":"Panigrahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G. S.","family":"Toteja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arun Kumar","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahendra","family":"Thakor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pankaj","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":"Breast cancer awareness month 2020: A wake-up call for India - daily rounds","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmpo.ijmpo_15_16","article-title":"Sociodemographic factors and late-stage diagnosis of breast cancer in India: a hospital-based study","volume":"38","author":"Sathwara","year":"2017","journal-title":"Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3102","DOI":"10.18203\/2320-6012.ijrms20162266","article-title":"Breast cancer survival studies in India: a review","volume":"4","author":"Sathwara","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Res Med Sci"},{"key":"ref4","volume-title":"India source: Globocan","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.5306\/wjco.v13.i3.209","article-title":"Breast cancer in India: present scenario and the challenges ahead","volume":"13","author":"Mehrotra","year":"2022","journal-title":"World J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S51","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1524-4741.9.s2.4.x","article-title":"Early detection of breast cancer in countries with limited resources","volume":"9","author":"Anderson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Breast J"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0241961","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0241961","article-title":"Breast self-examination practice and associated factors among female healthcare workers in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Mekonnen","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.12691\/ajphr-1-6-2","article-title":"Self breast examination: a tool for early diagnosis of breast cancer","volume":"1","author":"Shrivastava","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Public Heal Res"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.4103\/jcrt.JCRT","article-title":"Knowledge, attitude, and practice towards breast cancer and its screening among women in India: a systematic review","volume":"17","author":"Pal","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Cancer Res Ther"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.31557\/apjcc.2021.6.2.141-147","article-title":"Knowledge, attitude and practices of breast self- examination amongst Indian women: a Pan-India study","volume":"6","author":"Sachdeva","year":"2021","journal-title":"Asian Pacific J Cancer Care"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2020.03.002","article-title":"Burden of noncommunicable diseases and implementation challenges of national NCD programmes in India","volume":"76","author":"Thakur","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med J Armed Forces India"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2802","DOI":"10.18203\/2320-6012.ijrms20203089","article-title":"Knowledge, skills of female health workers regarding selected non communicable diseases risk reduction and client satisfaction: a pilot study from western part of Rajasthan, India","volume":"8","author":"Nebhinani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Res Med Sci"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Public Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1276853\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,16]],"date-time":"2023-11-16T07:06:34Z","timestamp":1700118394000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1276853\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,16]]},"references-count":12,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1276853"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1276853","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2565","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,16]]},"article-number":"1276853"}}