{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T17:38:26Z","timestamp":1793641106415,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,9]],"date-time":"2023-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699488000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82171058"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82171058"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To systematically compare and rank the accuracy of AI-based intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation formulas and traditional IOL formulas in highly myopic eyes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We screened PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases for studies published from inception to April 2023. The following outcome data were collected: mean absolute error (MAE), percentage of eyes with a refractive prediction error (PE) within \u00b10.25, \u00b10.50, and \u00b11.00 diopters (D), and median absolute error (MedAE). The network meta-analysis was conducted by R 4.3.0 and STATA 17.0.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twelve studies involving 2,430 adult myopic eyes (with axial lengths &amp;gt;26.0 mm) that underwent uncomplicated cataract surgery with mono-focal IOL implantation were included. The network meta-analysis of 21 formulas showed that the top three AI-based formulas, as per the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) values, were XGBoost, Hill-RBF, and Kane. The three formulas had the lowest MedAE and were more accurate than traditional vergence formulas, such as SRK\/T, Holladay 1, Holladay 2, Haigis, and Hoffer Q regarding MAE, percentage of eyes with PE within \u00b10.25, \u00b10.50, and \u00b11.00 D.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The top AI-based formulas for calculating IOL power in highly myopic eyes were XGBoost, Hill-RBF, and Kane. They were significantly more accurate than traditional vergence formulas and ranked better than formulas with Wang\u2013Koch AL modifications or newer generations of formulas such as Barrett and Olsen.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Systematic review registration<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:ext-link>https:\/\/www.crd.york.ac.uk\/PROSPERO\/<\/jats:ext-link>, identifier: CRD42022335969.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1279718","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,13]],"date-time":"2023-11-13T03:20:04Z","timestamp":1699845604000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["The accuracy of intraocular lens power calculation formulas based on artificial intelligence in highly myopic eyes: a systematic review and network meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Yi","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minhui","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingyu","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangyi","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiyao","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaobo","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.01.006","article-title":"Global prevalence of myopia and high myopia and temporal trends from 2000 through 2050","volume":"123","author":"Holden","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmology."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2008.12.035","article-title":"Intraocular lens calculation in extreme myopia","volume":"35","author":"Haigis","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2013.06.005","article-title":"Myopia and age-related cataract: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"156","author":"Pan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2017.10.020","article-title":"Development and clinical accuracy of a new intraocular lens power formula (VRF) compared to other formulas","volume":"185","author":"Voytsekhivskyy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2017.01.014","article-title":"Intraoperative aberrometry versus preoperative biometry for intraocular lens power selection in axial myopia","volume":"43","author":"Hill","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2018","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2011.05.042","article-title":"Optimizing intraocular lens power calculations in eyes with axial lengths above 250 mm","volume":"37","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2014.06.033","article-title":"Intraocular lens power calculation for eyes with an axial length greater than 260 mm: comparison of formulas and methods","volume":"41","author":"Abulafia","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0228999","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0228999","article-title":"Effects of capsular tension ring on surgical outcomes of premium intraocular lens in patients with suspected zonular weakness","volume":"15","author":"Miyoshi","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-019-1144-8","article-title":"Anterior chamber depth - 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