{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T20:49:35Z","timestamp":1792097375688,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]],"date-time":"2023-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695859200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009392","name":"Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PSAU\/2023\/01\/224252"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PSAU\/2023\/01\/224252"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009392","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Since February 2022, the nation of Ukraine has become entangled in an escalating conflict that erupted after coronavirus outbreak fostering a situation of indeterminacy and precariousness, which adversely affected several facets, especially psychological well-being. However, there is a lack of empirical evidence on the psychological well-being of Ukrainians during the Russo-Ukraine war, as well as their coping strategies in response to the war\u2019s repercussions. Consequently, this investigation endeavors to explore the prevalence of symptoms associated with depression, anxiety, stress, and insomnia and to correlate these symptoms with Ukrainians\u2019 effective coping mechanisms during the ongoing war.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>An online survey was administered in Ukraine from June to August 2022 due to the ongoing Russo-Ukraine conflict. The survey employed a quota sampling technique, targeting 2,664 individuals (\u226518\u2009years). Out of the total sample, 1,833 valid responses were obtained, yielding a response rate of 68. 81%. Depression, anxiety, and stress were measured using the depression, anxiety, and stress scale-21 (DASS-21), while the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) was utilized to evaluate insomnia symptoms. In addition, Brief-COPE was adopted to evaluate the coping mechanisms of the selected study participants.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 1,833 Ukrainian adults, 60.5% had symptoms of stress; 62.4% of them reported symptoms of anxiety; and 58.2% reported symptoms of depression. Symptom criteria for insomnia were found in about 21.8% of the study sample. The factors of sex, living area, area occupied by Russian forces, and having older adults and children in the house were statistically significant with symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress, and insomnia. The productive coping strategies of self-distraction, using instrumental support, planning, and behavioral disengagement, were observed as statistically significant with four psychological constructs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study outcomes highlight a substantial prevalence of symptoms related to depression, anxiety, stress, and insomnia attributed to the accumulated consequences of ongoing conflict and the COVID-19 outbreak. The aforementioned findings emphasize the imperative of providing healthcare services and facilitating effective coping strategies among Ukrainians amid the ongoing war.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1280423","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]],"date-time":"2023-09-28T16:57:58Z","timestamp":1695920278000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Potential impacts of Russo-Ukraine conflict and its psychological consequences among Ukrainian adults: the post-COVID-19 era"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Ahsan Riaz","family":"Khan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Altalbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(22)00148-1","article-title":"The Ukrainian paediatric mental health system: challenges and opportunities from the Russo\u2013Ukrainian war","volume":"9","author":"Martsenkovskyi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-022-02394-9","article-title":"Fear of war and mental health in Germany","volume":"58","author":"Hajek","year":"2023","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1129299","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1129299","article-title":"Life and mental health in limbo of the Ukraine war: how can helpers assist civilians, asylum seekers and refugees affected by the war?","volume":"14","author":"Anjum","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1136\/postgradmedj-2022-141895","article-title":"Russia-Ukraine conflict and COVID-19: a double burden for Ukraine\u2019s healthcare system and a concern for global citizens","volume":"98","author":"Uwishema","year":"2022","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20568","article-title":"Intergenerational transmission of trauma effects: putative role of epigenetic mechanisms","volume":"17","author":"Yehuda","year":"2018","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1155904","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1155904","article-title":"The outbreak of the 2022 Russo-Ukrainian war: mental health of poles and their attitude to refugees","volume":"11","author":"Babicki","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13591053231184064","DOI":"10.1177\/13591053231184065","article-title":"Mediation of cognitive interference on depression during the Russo-Ukrainian war in three national samples","volume":"30","author":"Begic","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Health Psychol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106675","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2022.106675","article-title":"Russo-Ukrainian war amid the COVID-19 pandemic: global impact and containment strategy","volume":"102","author":"Dhawan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2309","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16132309","article-title":"Mental health of refugees and torture survivors: a critical review of prevalence, predictors, and integrated care","volume":"16","author":"Abu Suhaiban","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12914-015-0064-9","article-title":"Long-term mental health of war-refugees: a systematic literature review","volume":"15","author":"Bogic","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Int Health Hum Rights"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.292.5.575","article-title":"Mental health, social functioning, and disability in postwar Afghanistan","volume":"292","author":"Cardozo","year":"2004","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e006303","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2021-006303","article-title":"Global burden of post-traumatic stress disorder and major depression in countries affected by war between 1989 and 2019: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Hoppen","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Glob Heal"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(22)00097-9","article-title":"Addressing the mental health needs of civilian combatants in Ukraine","volume":"9","author":"Bryant","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1037\/ort0000537","article-title":"Experiences of mental health and functioning among conflict-affected populations: a qualitative study with military veterans and displaced persons in Ukraine","volume":"91","author":"Singh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Orthopsychiatry"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100736","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecosys.2019.100736","article-title":"Conflict and well-being of civilians: the case of the Russian-Ukrainian hybrid war","volume":"44","author":"Osiichuk","year":"2020","journal-title":"Econ Syst"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcac090","article-title":"Trauma and displacement in Ukraine: the challenge to medicine and politics","volume":"115","author":"Kelly","year":"2022","journal-title":"QJM An Int J Med"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1815","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-022-01984-x","article-title":"From economic crisis and climate change through COVID-19 pandemic to Ukraine war: a cumulative hit-wave on adolescent future thinking and mental well-being","volume":"32","author":"Poletti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24705470221101884","DOI":"10.1177\/24705470221101884","article-title":"Support of the population within the Russian-Ukrainian war: Insider\u2019s perspective","volume":"6","author":"Vus","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chronic Stress"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111697","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2022.111697","article-title":"Brief screening measures of mental health for war-related dysfunctional anxiety and negative persistent thinking","volume":"195","author":"Surzykiewicz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pers Individ Dif"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1080\/15325024.2022.2084838","article-title":"Toward an understanding of the Russian-Ukrainian war impact on university students and personnel","volume":"28","author":"Kurapov","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Loss Trauma"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.093008.100352","article-title":"Personality and coping","volume":"61","author":"Carver","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annu Rev Psychol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13094","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192013094","article-title":"Coping and resilience strategies among Ukraine war refugees","volume":"19","author":"Oviedo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"ref23","volume-title":"Adoption of coping strategies by Ukrainian civilians in the first fifteen days after the outbreak of military conflict in 2022","author":"Khraban","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.2307\/2136617","article-title":"An analysis of coping in a middle-aged community sample","volume":"21","author":"Folkman","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Health Soc Behav"},{"key":"ref25","volume-title":"Stress, appraisal, and coping","author":"Lazarus","year":"1984"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.56.2.267","article-title":"Assessing coping strategies: a theoretically based approach","volume":"56","author":"Carver","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-015-0617-9","article-title":"Use of internet panels to conduct surveys","volume":"47","author":"Hays","year":"2015","journal-title":"Behav Res Methods"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1177\/1470785318779545","article-title":"Modeling the effect of quota sampling on online fieldwork efficiency: an analysis of the connection between uncertainty and sample usage","volume":"60","author":"Ochoa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Mark Res"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(94)00075-U","article-title":"The structure of negative emotional states: comparison of the depression anxiety stress scales (DASS) with the Beck depression and anxiety inventories","volume":"33","author":"Lovibond","year":"1995","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(89)90047-4","article-title":"The Pittsburgh sleep quality index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research","volume":"28","author":"Buysse","year":"1989","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327558ijbm0401_6","article-title":"You want to measure coping but your protocol\u2019too long: consider the brief cope","volume":"4","author":"Carver","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int J Behav Med"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2015.03.007","article-title":"The role of locus of control and coping style in predicting longitudinal PTSD-trajectories after combat exposure","volume":"32","author":"Karstoft","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Anxiety Disord"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.55.2.279","article-title":"Coping, locus of control, social support, and combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder: a prospective study","volume":"55","author":"Solomon","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.61.3.462","article-title":"Coping of school-age children in the sealed room during scud missile bombardment and postwar stress reactions","volume":"61","author":"Weisenberg","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"s245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2017.02.024","article-title":"Mental health conditions and co-morbidities among internally displaced populations (IDPs) in Ukraine","volume":"41","author":"Makhashvili","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref36","first-page":"25","article-title":"Mental health consequences of war: a brief review of research findings","volume":"5","author":"Murthy","year":"2006","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.21890","article-title":"Impact of combat deployment on psychological and relationship health: a longitudinal study","volume":"27","author":"Cigrang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress"},{"key":"ref38","volume-title":"\u041e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0456\u043d\u0433-\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0456\u0439 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0456\u0432 \u0431\u043e\u0439\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0456\u0439 \u0432 \u0437\u043e\u043d\u0456 \u0410\u0422\u041e","author":"Turetska","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.1024535","article-title":"Inflammatory biomarkers and cardiac injury in COVID-19 patients","volume":"10","author":"Mumtaz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Public Heal."},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.20998\/2078-7782.2021.1.08","article-title":"\u0421\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456\u0439\u043a\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0456\u043d\u0433-\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0456\u0457 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0456\u043d\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0456\u0432 \u043f\u0456\u0434 \u0447\u0430\u0441 \u043e\u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u043d\u044c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0443 \u0443 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0445 \u0432\u0438\u0449\u043e\u0457 \u043e\u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u0438","volume":"1","author":"\u0427\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d","year":"2021","journal-title":"\u0422\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0456\u044f \u0456 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0456\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0438"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1037\/a0024927","article-title":"Coping and mental health outcomes among israelis living with the chronic threat of terrorism","volume":"4","author":"Dickstein","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychol Trauma Theory Res Pract Policy"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)17029-3","article-title":"Trauma of Chechnya\u2019s ongoing war on internally displaced people","volume":"364","author":"de Jong","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.01.079","article-title":"Focus on and venting of negative emotion mediates the 18-year bi-directional relations between major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder diagnoses","volume":"303","author":"Marr","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/192186","article-title":"Mental health treatment involvement and religious coping among African American, Hispanic, and white veterans of the wars of Iraq and Afghanistan","volume":"2011","author":"Greenawalt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Depress Res Treat"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1080\/15325024.2011.575705","article-title":"Posttraumatic growth among traumatized Somali refugees in Hungary","volume":"16","author":"Kroo","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Loss Trauma"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.46.8.848","article-title":"War-related stress: addressing the stress of war and other traumatic events","volume":"46","author":"Hobfoll","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am Psychol"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-021-05786-3","article-title":"Evaluating context and interest in training in evidence-based mental health care: a qualitative investigation among healthcare providers in Kyiv, Ukraine","volume":"14","author":"Hook","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2000132","DOI":"10.1080\/20008198.2021.2000132","article-title":"Meta-analytic evidence of depression and anxiety in Eastern Europe during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Psychotraumatol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Public Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1280423\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]],"date-time":"2023-09-28T16:58:02Z","timestamp":1695920282000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1280423\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]]},"references-count":48,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1280423"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1280423","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2565","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]]},"article-number":"1280423"}}