{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T13:39:54Z","timestamp":1789997994942,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,13]],"date-time":"2023-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702425600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to investigate the obsessive-compulsive and depressive symptoms of healthcare workers in a case-control setting as longitudinal.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study included 49 healthcare workers and 47 non-health workers. A sociodemographic data form, the Maudsley Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (MOCI), the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90), and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) were used to assess individuals between June 1, 2020 and June 30, 2021. We assessed the same healthcare workers after 12\u2009months on June 30, 2021 using MOCI, HAM-D, and SCL-90.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>MOCI and SCL-90 obsessive-compulsive subscale scores were significantly higher in the healthcare workers than in the non-health workers. When we assessed MOCI, HAM-D, and SCL-90 obsessive-compulsive subscale scores after 12\u2009months, there was a statistically significant decrease in the scores of all three scales among the healthcare workers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results of the study showed that healthcare workers were more likely to have obsessive-compulsive symptoms than non-health workers in the early part of the pandemic on June 1, 2020, as shown by their scores on MOCI and the obsessive-compulsive subscale of SCL-90. When we assessed the same participants after 12\u2009months (June 30, 2021), both MOCI and SCL-90 obsessive-compulsive subscale scores had decreased significantly. In contrast to these results, HAM-D scores significantly increased.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1283317","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,13]],"date-time":"2023-12-13T09:59:19Z","timestamp":1702461559000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Comparison of healthcare workers and non-healthcare workers in terms of obsessive-compulsive and depressive symptoms during COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal case-controlled study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Betul","family":"Uyar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suleyman","family":"Donmezdil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","year":""},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.13129\/2282-1619\/mjcp-3422","article-title":"The institutional management of the COVID-19 crisis in Italy: a qualitative study on the socio-cultural context underpinning the citizens\u2019 evaluation","volume":"10","author":"Venuleo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mediterr J Clin Psychol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.13129\/2282-1619\/mjcp-3236","article-title":"Being online in the time of COVID-19: narratives from a sample of young adults and the relationship with well-being","volume":"10","author":"Venuleo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mediterr J Clin Psychol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.3390\/bs13020162","article-title":"Psychological factors explaining the COVID-19 pandemic impact on mental health: the role of meaning, beliefs, and perceptions of vulnerability and mortality","volume":"13","author":"Negri","year":"2023","journal-title":"Behav Sci"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1177\/0020764020927051","article-title":"Levels and predictors of anxiety, depression and health anxiety during COVID-19 pandemic in Turkish society: the importance of gender","volume":"66","author":"\u00d6zdin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Soc Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1177\/0020764020938807","article-title":"Determining depression and related factors in a society affected by COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"67","author":"Ustun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Soc Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.24869\/psyd.2020.273","article-title":"Psychological resilience and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey","volume":"32","author":"Kara\u015far","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychiatr Danub"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4482","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20054482","article-title":"Linguistic predictors of psychological adjustment in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"20","author":"Castiglioni","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1080\/13548506.2020.1859566","article-title":"Psychological well-being, depression and stress during COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey: a comparative study of healthcare professionals and non-healthcare professionals","volume":"26","author":"Ceri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychol Health Med"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101811","DOI":"10.1016\/j.legalmed.2020.101811","article-title":"Impacts of COVID-19 pandemic period on depression, anxiety and stress levels of the healthcare employees in Turkey","volume":"48","author":"Tengilimo\u011flu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Legal Med"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e46","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268821000303","article-title":"Depression and anxiety in healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"149","author":"Weibelzahl","year":"2021","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113360","article-title":"Psychological effects of the COVID 19 pandemic on healthcare workers globally: a systematic review","volume":"292","author":"Sheraton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18041435","article-title":"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of healthcare workers","volume":"18","author":"Chatzittofis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1159\/000507639","article-title":"Mental health and psychosocial problems of medical health workers during the COVID-19 epidemic in China","volume":"89","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychother Psychosom"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112936","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112936","article-title":"Psychological status of medical workforce during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study","volume":"288","author":"Lu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.47102\/annals-acadmedsg.verma","article-title":"Post-SARS psychological morbidity and stigma among general practitioners and traditional Chinese medicine practitioners in Singapore","volume":"33","author":"Verma","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Acad Med Singap"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"m1642","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m1642","article-title":"Occurrence, prevention, and management of the psychological effects of emerging virus outbreaks on healthcare workers: rapid review and meta-analysis","volume":"369","author":"Kisely","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e22408","DOI":"10.2196\/22408","article-title":"Prevalence of perceived stress, anxiety, depression, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms in health care workers and other workers in Alberta during the COVID-19 pandemic: cross-sectional survey","volume":"7","author":"Mrklas","year":"","journal-title":"JMIR Ment Health"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1002\/da.23037","article-title":"The impact of coronavirus (COVID-19) in the diagnosis and treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"37","author":"Fontenelle","year":"2020","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S66","DOI":"10.1037\/tra0000725","article-title":"Coronavirus: a trigger for OCD and illness anxiety disorder?","volume":"12","author":"Rivera","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychol Trauma Theory Res Pract Policy"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6986","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17196986","article-title":"COVID-19 pandemic and mental health: prevalence and correlates of new-onset obsessive-compulsive symptoms in a Canadian Province","volume":"17","author":"Abba-Aji","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(77)90042-0","article-title":"Obsessional-compulsive complaints","volume":"15","author":"Hodgson","year":"1977","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther J"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"107","volume-title":"Maudsley obsessive-compulsive question list. [Maudsley Obsesif-Kompulsif Soru Listesi], 24","author":"Erol","year":"1988"},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"1","article-title":"SCL-90-R: administration, scoring & procedures manual-II for the (revised) version and other instruments of the psychopathology rating scale series","author":"Derogatis","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin Psychometric Res"},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"5","article-title":"Reliability and validity of the symptom check list (SCL-90-R) for university students, [Belirti Tarama Listesi (SCL-90-R)'nin \u00dcniversite \u00d6\u011frencileri i\u00e7in g\u00fcvenirli\u011fi ve ge\u00e7erli\u011fi]","volume":"2","author":"Da\u011f","year":"1991","journal-title":"Turk J Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.23.1.56","article-title":"Rating scale for depression","volume":"23","author":"Hamilton","year":"1960","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1988.01800320058007","article-title":"A Structered interview guide for Hamilton depression rating scale","volume":"45","author":"Williams","year":"1978","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref28","first-page":"251","article-title":"Validity, reliability and clinical use of the Hamilton depression rating scale [Hamilton Depresyon Derecelendirme \u00d6l\u00e7e\u011fi\u2019nin ge\u00e7erlili\u011fi, g\u00fcvenilirli\u011fi ve klinikte kullan\u0131m\u0131]","volume":"4","author":"Akdemir","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Psychiatry Psychol Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.auec.2021.10.002","article-title":"Reported effects of the psychological status of emergency healthcare workers: a scoping review","volume":"25","author":"Alanazi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Australas Emerg Care"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-022-01953-7","article-title":"The increase of PTSD in front-line health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic and the mediating role of risk perception: a one-year follow-up study","volume":"12","author":"Ouyang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.12.060","article-title":"Investigation of the mental health status of frontier-line and non-frontier-line medical staff during a stress period","volume":"282","author":"An","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e924171","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.924171","article-title":"Psychological impact and coping strategies of frontline medical staff in Hunan between January and march 2020 during the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Hubei, China","volume":"26","author":"Cai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e203976","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.3976","article-title":"Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health CareHealthcare workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019","volume":"3","author":"Lai","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2020.102482","article-title":"Retraction notice to \u201cChinese mental health burden during the COVID-19 pandemic\u201d","volume":"54","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Asian J Psychiatr"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.04.028","article-title":"A longitudinal study on the mental health of general population during the COVID-19 epidemic in China","volume":"87","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-021-01410-x","article-title":"Obsessive-compulsive symptoms and information seeking during the Covid-19 pandemic","volume":"11","author":"Loosen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567381","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.567381","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors of mental health problems among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Hao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Psych"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.08.020","article-title":"Cognitive-behavioral therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a meta-analysis of treatment outcome and moderators","volume":"47","author":"Olatunji","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Public Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1283317\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,13]],"date-time":"2023-12-13T09:59:34Z","timestamp":1702461574000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1283317\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,13]]},"references-count":38,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1283317"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1283317","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2565","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,13]]},"article-number":"1283317"}}