{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T14:39:02Z","timestamp":1771511942430,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,17]],"date-time":"2023-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700179200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The rapid global spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) was met with the rollout of vaccination campaigns at mass vaccination centers. The Palazzo delle Scintille, Milan, was designated by the Lombardy regional administration as a vaccination site with the target of processing about 9,000 users daily.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>For this observational study, we compared data on vaccinations delivered at the Palazzo delle Scintille with coronavirus disease (COVID-19)-related regional data.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Between 25 April 2021 and 28 February 2023, a total of 1,885,822 COVID-19 doses were administered; the mean hourly rate was 289 (247.2), the mean daily rate was 3185.5 (3104.5), the mean user age was 49.5\u2009years (10.7). The Comirnaty vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech) was most often given (1,072,030\/1,885,822; 56.8%). Between 4 December 2021 and 15 January 2022, the daily dose rate was above the maximum daily capacity set by the regional administration.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The trend for daily dose rates administered at the Palazzo delle Scintille center was in line with COVID-19-related regional data. The center played a major role in the regional mass vaccination campaign.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1290350","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,18]],"date-time":"2023-11-18T10:07:46Z","timestamp":1700302066000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Setting up and managing the largest COVID-19 mass vaccination center in Lombardy, Italy"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Jessica Graziella","family":"Calegari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Bisesti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Pazzaglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Gambazza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Filippo","family":"Binda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Bruno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Chiappa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Piatti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Navpreet","family":"Tiwana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Letzgus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silvana","family":"Castaldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcello","family":"Sottocorno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dario","family":"Laquintana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9060574","article-title":"Challenges and opportunities of mass vaccination centers in COVID-19 times: a rapid review of literature","volume":"9","author":"Gianfredi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vaccines (Basel)"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2729","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-22944-0","article-title":"Estimating COVID-19 mortality in Italy early in the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"12","author":"Modi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun [Internet]"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-021-02060-1","article-title":"Estimating COVID-19-induced excess mortality in Lombardy, Italy","volume":"34","author":"Maruotti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res [Internet]"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e310","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(20)30099-2","article-title":"COVID-19 deaths in Lombardy, Italy: data in context","volume":"5","author":"Odone","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health [Internet]"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.4031","article-title":"Critical care utilization for the COVID-19 outbreak in Lombardy, Italy","volume":"323","author":"Grasselli","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA [Internet]"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e60","DOI":"10.1017\/dmp.2021.319","article-title":"Critical concepts for COVID-19 mass vaccination site operations","volume":"17","author":"Goldberg","year":"2021","journal-title":"Disaster Med Public Health Prep [Internet]"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1370\/afm.2773","article-title":"Best practices for COVID-19 mass vaccination clinics","volume":"20","author":"Shakory","year":"2022","journal-title":"The Annals of Family Medicine [Internet]"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e67","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp2102535","article-title":"Mass-vaccination sites \u2014 an essential innovation to curb the Covid-19 pandemic","volume":"384","author":"Goralnick","year":"2021","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine [Internet]"},{"key":"ref9","author":"Lombardia","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref10","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref11","author":"Lombardia","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2021446","DOI":"10.23750\/abm.v92iS6.12229","article-title":"Covid-19 massive vaccination center layouts","volume":"92","author":"Brambilla","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Biomed [Internet]"},{"key":"ref13","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines11030643","article-title":"Setting up the largest mass vaccination Center in Europe: the one-physician one-nurse protocol","volume":"11","author":"Houze-Cerfon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vaccines (Basel) [Internet]."},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1186\/s12199-021-01018-z","article-title":"Covid-19 vaccine management (Comirnaty and mrna-1273 Moderna) in a teaching hospital in Italy: a short report on the vaccination campaign","volume":"26","author":"Papini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ Health Prev Med [Internet]"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.7416\/ai.2021.2456","article-title":"Application of the \u2018immunization islands\u2019 model to improve quality, efficiency and safety of a COVID-19 mass vaccination site","volume":"33","author":"Signorelli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Ig [Internet]"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.01.059","article-title":"Italy\u2019s rollout of COVID-19 vaccinations: the crucial contribution of the first experimental mass vaccination site in Lombardy","volume":"40","author":"Oliani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vaccine [Internet]"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e001525","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjoq-2021-001525","article-title":"Mass production methods for mass vaccination: improving flow and operational performance in a COVID-19 mass vaccination Centre using lean","volume":"10","author":"Smith","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open Qual [Internet]."},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1072883","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1072883","article-title":"COVID-19 vaccination in the mass vaccination center: clinical practice and effectiveness analysis","volume":"11","author":"Fan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"ref20","volume-title":"COVID-19 Open Data","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref21","volume-title":"A language and environment for statistical computing","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref22","volume-title":"Circolare Ministeriale 1398 - Indicazioni sulla dose di richiamo per la fascia di et\u00e0 5\u201311 anni nell\u2019ambito della campagna di vaccinazione anti SARS-CoV-2\/COVID-19 [Internet]","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9040326","article-title":"The implementation of mass-vaccination against SARS-CoV-2: a systematic review of existing strategies and guidelines","volume":"9","author":"Hasan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vaccines (Basel) [Internet]."},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e001617","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjoq-2021-001617","article-title":"Applying lean principles to create a high throughput mass COVID-19 vaccination site","volume":"11","author":"Froman","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Open Qual [Internet]"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s13584-021-00440-6","article-title":"Israel\u2019s rapid rollout of vaccinations for COVID-19","volume":"10","author":"Rosen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Isr J Health Policy Res [Internet]"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1080\/17453054.2021.1920829","article-title":"Mass population vaccination for COVID-19 in Malta","volume":"44","author":"Grech","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Vis Commun Med [Internet]"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.3390\/stats6020032","article-title":"Detecting regional differences in Italian Health services during five COVID-19 waves","volume":"6","author":"Palazzo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Stats (Basel) [Internet]"},{"key":"ref28","volume-title":"Circolare Ministeriale 41416 - Indicazioni preliminari sulla somministrazione di dosi addizionali e di dosi \u201cbooster\u201d nell\u2019ambito della campagna di vaccinazione anti SARS-CoV-2\/COVID-19 [Internet]","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref29","volume-title":"Circolare Ministeriale 53312 - Aggiornamento indicazioni su intervallo temporale tra la somministrazione della dose \u201cbooster\u201d (di richiamo) e il completamento del ciclo primario nell\u2019ambito della campagna di vaccinazione anti SARS-CoV-2\/COVID-19","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines11010144","article-title":"How do users respond to mass vaccination centers? A cross-sectional study using natural language processing on online reviews to explore user experience and satisfaction with COVID-19 vaccination centers","volume":"11","author":"Danek","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vaccines (Basel)"},{"key":"ref31","volume-title":"Circolare Ministeriale 59179 - ulteriore estensione della platea vaccinale destinataria della dose di richiamo (\u201cbooster\u201d) nell\u2019ambito della campagna di vaccinazione anti SARS-CoV-2\/COVID-19 [Internet]","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref32","volume-title":"Decreto Legge 7 gennaio n.1 - Misure urgenti per fronteggiare l\u2019emergenza COVID-19, in particolare nei luoghi di lavoro, nelle scuole e negli istituti della formazione superiore [Internet]","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref33","volume-title":"Circolare Ministeriale 21209 - indicazioni sulla somministrazione della seconda dose di richiamo (second booster) nell\u2019ambito della campagna di vaccinazione anti SARS-CoV-2\/COVID-19","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref34","volume-title":"Circolare Ministeriale 32264 - estensione della platea vaccinale destinataria della seconda dose di richiamo (second booster) nell\u2019ambito della campagna di vaccinazione anti-SARS-CoV-2\/COVID-19","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref35","volume-title":"Decreto Legge 15 Luglio","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref36","volume-title":"Decreto Legge 31 ottobre","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref37","volume-title":"Vaccinazione control\u2019influenza [Internet]","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref38","volume-title":"ECDC. Annual epidemiological report for 2021","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines11010016","article-title":"Combining influenza and COVID-19 booster vaccination strategy to improve vaccination uptake necessary for managing the Health pandemic: a systematic review and Meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Tzenios","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vaccines (Basel)"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm12020139","article-title":"Acceptance of COVID-19 and influenza vaccine co-administration: insights from a representative Italian survey","volume":"12","author":"Domnich","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Pers Med [Internet]"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5362","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18105362","article-title":"Why does Israel Lead the world in COVID-19 vaccinations? Applying mass casualty event principles to COVID-19 vaccination programs","volume":"18","author":"Rapaport","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Public Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1290350\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,18]],"date-time":"2023-11-18T10:07:54Z","timestamp":1700302074000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1290350\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,17]]},"references-count":41,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1290350"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1290350","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2565","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,17]]},"article-number":"1290350"}}