{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T05:54:16Z","timestamp":1785477256185,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]],"date-time":"2023-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702598400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The anticipation of diabetes-related complications remains a challenge for numerous T2DM patients, as there is presently no effective method for early prediction of these complications. This study aims to investigate the association between renal function-related indicators and the occurrence of peripheral neuropathy and retinopathy in individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who currently have normal renal function.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with T2DM who met the criteria were selected from the MMC database and divided into diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) groups, with a total of 859 and 487 patients included, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr), uric acid (UA), urine albumin(ALB), albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and diabetic peripheral neuropathy and retinopathy. Spearman correlation analysis was used to determine the correlation between these indicators and peripheral neuropathy and retinopathy in diabetes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In a total of 221 patients diagnosed with DPN, we found positive correlation between the prevalence of DPN and eGFR (18.2, 23.3, 35.7%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05). Specifically, as BUN (T1: references; T2:OR:0.598, 95%CI: 0.403, 0.886; T3:OR:1.017, 95%CI: 0.702, 1.473; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05) and eGFR (T1: references; T2:OR:1.294, 95%CI: 0.857, 1.953; T3:OR:2.142, 95%CI: 1.425, 3.222; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05) increased, the odds ratio of DPN also increased. Conversely, with an increase in Cr(T1: references; T2:OR:0.86, 95%CI: 0.56, 1.33; T3:OR:0.57, 95%CI: 0.36, 0.91; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05), the odds ratio of DPN decreased. Furthermore, when considering sensitivity and specificity, eGFR exhibited a sensitivity of 65.2% and specificity of 54.4%, with a 95% confidence interval of 0.568\u20130.656.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this experimental sample, we found a clear positive correlation between eGFR and DPN prevalence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1302615","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]],"date-time":"2023-12-15T11:05:39Z","timestamp":1702638339000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Correlation study of renal function indices with diabetic peripheral neuropathy and diabetic retinopathy in T2DM patients with normal renal function"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Yue-Yang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bing-Xue","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhuang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qin","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2008.10.018","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and atherosclerosis: influence of gene-environment interaction","volume":"667","author":"Andreassi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mutat Res"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.47672\/ejb.409","article-title":"A modern overview on diabetes mellitus: a chronic endocrine disorder","volume":"5","author":"Mukhtar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Euro J Biol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.13558\/j.cnki.issn1672-3686.2023.005.002","article-title":"National Health Commission of the People\u2019s Republic of China","volume":"21","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Educ Family Med"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109119","article-title":"IDF Diabetes atlas: global, regional and country-level diabetes prevalence estimates for 2021 and projections for 2045","volume":"183","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2017.151","article-title":"Global aetiology and epidemiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications","volume":"14","author":"Zheng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1940","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-81631-8","article-title":"The relationship between exacerbated diabetic peripheral neuropathy and metformin treatment in type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"11","author":"Hashem","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2494057","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/2494057","article-title":"The Association between genomic DNA methylation and diabetic peripheral neuropathy in patients with type 2 Diabetes mellitus","volume":"2019","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Diabetes Res"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2018.27.Sup5.S1","article-title":"Identifying and treating foot ulcers in patients with diabetes: saving feet, legs and lives","volume":"27","author":"Ousey","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Wound Care"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.12696","article-title":"Diabetic retinopathy: global prevalence, major risk factors, screening practices and public health challenges: a review","volume":"44","author":"Ting","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10030458","article-title":"Retinal vascular endothelial cell dysfunction and Neuroretinal degeneration in diabetic patients","volume":"10","author":"Mrugacz","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"963615","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2022.963615","article-title":"The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying diabetic retinopathy. 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