{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T01:22:14Z","timestamp":1792027334722,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,23]],"date-time":"2023-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To analyze the inpatient cost of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in children, so as to support clinical decision-making.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Study population were children who received HSCT in a tertiary children\u2019s hospital (Sichuan, China) between 1st January 2020 and 31st December 2021. The median and interquartile range (IQR) of total cost at 100\u2009days post transplantation were calculated. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on age, gender, transplantation types, and post-transplant complications. The cost differences between subgroups were analyzed to determine whether it had an impact on the total costs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 142 pediatric patients were included in the study with a total cost of 250721.78 yuan (197019.16\u2013315740.52, 1 yuan equals to around 0.15 US dollars). Drug costs accounted for 51.85% of the total cost, followed by medical service costs (12.57%) and treatment expenses (12.24%). In terms of transplantation types, the cost of autologous transplantation was lower than that of allogeneic transplantation (115722.98 yuan vs. 256043.99 yuan, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05), and the cost of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complete matched was lower compared with that of partial matched (213760.88 yuan vs. 294044.84 yuan, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05). As for post-transplant complications, cases with &amp;lt;3 types of complications cost less than those with \u22653 types (212893.25 yuan vs. 286064.60 yuan, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05), and those with severity \u2264 grade 2 cost less than those &amp;gt; grade 2 (235569.37 yuan vs. 280061.58 yuan, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05). Age and gender of patients did not lead to statistical differences in the total cost, while the transplantation types and post-transplant complications influenced the total cost.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The total cost at 100\u2009days post transplantation associated with HSCT treatment were substantial for pediatric patients. The HLA compatibility between donors and recipients, and post-transplant complications were important factors affecting the total cost.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.990181","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,23]],"date-time":"2023-03-23T06:09:20Z","timestamp":1679551760000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Cost analysis of childhood hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in Sichuan, China"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Min","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yantao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaqi","family":"Ni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3310\/hta14540","article-title":"Clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of stem cell transplantation in the management of acute leukaemia: a systematic review","volume":"14","author":"Ashfaq","year":"2010","journal-title":"Health Technol Assess"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"19","article-title":"Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation","volume":"55","author":"Tang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"4218","article-title":"Haploid hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the treatment of 23 leukemia cases","volume":"20","author":"Jiang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chin J Tissue Engineer Res"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"75","article-title":"Standard for autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation","volume":"17","author":"Cheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chin Med Biotechnol"},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"9","article-title":"Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation","volume":"1","author":"Yu","year":"2011","journal-title":"China Med Pharmacy"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2014046","DOI":"10.4084\/mjhid.2014.046","article-title":"Cost of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in India","volume":"6","author":"Sharma","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med J Hematol Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"141","article-title":"Advances in research on implantation failure of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation","volume":"40","author":"Yin","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Nanjing Med Univ Nat Sci"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2007.10.010","article-title":"Costs of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation with high-dose regimens","volume":"14","author":"Saito","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biol Blood Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bmt.1702516","article-title":"Clinical and economic comparison of allogeneic peripheral blood progenitor cell and bone marrow transplantation for acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children","volume":"26","author":"Madero","year":"2000","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2010.03.016","article-title":"The costs and cost-effectiveness of allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation versus bone marrow transplantation in pediatric patients with acute leukemia","volume":"16","author":"Lin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biol Blood Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3046.7.s3.1.x","article-title":"Costs and consequences of stem cell transplantation in children","volume":"7","author":"Barr","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatr Transplant"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.2217\/cer-2018-0100","article-title":"Cost associated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a retrospective claims data analysis in Germany","volume":"8","author":"Mayerhoff","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Compar Effective Res"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2464","DOI":"10.1080\/10428194.2019.1581932","article-title":"Complications and hospital costs during hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for non-Hodgkin lymphoma in the United States","volume":"60","author":"Cho","year":"2019","journal-title":"Leuk Lymphoma"},{"key":"ref14","unstructured":"2010"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1038\/s41409-018-0204-7","article-title":"EBMT-NIH-CIBMTR task force position statement on standardized terminology & guidance for graft-versus-host disease assessment","volume":"11","author":"Schoemans","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"529","article-title":"Chinese consensus of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for hematological disease (III) -acute graft-versus-host disease","volume":"7","year":"2020","journal-title":"Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2014-0218","article-title":"Cost structure and clinical outcome of a stem cell transplantation program in a developing country: the experience in Northeast Mexico","volume":"20","author":"Jaime-P\u00e9rez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2019.03.013","article-title":"Comparison of graft acquisition and early direct charges of haploidentical related donor transplantation versus umbilical cord blood transplantation","volume":"7","author":"Kanate","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol Blood Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtct.2022.02.011","article-title":"Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in Nepal: international partnership, implementation steps, and clinical outcomes","volume":"28","author":"Poudyal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transplant Cell Ther"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bmt.1705790","article-title":"Event-free survival and cost-effectiveness in adult acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in first remission treated with allogeneic transplantation","volume":"40","author":"Orsi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1038\/bmt.2011.162","article-title":"Increased costs after allogeneic haematopoietic SCT are associated with major complications and re-transplantation","volume":"47","author":"Svahn","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1007\/s12185-017-2278-1","article-title":"Costs of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in a developing country","volume":"106","author":"Rivera-Franco","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Hematol"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"366","article-title":"The cost of hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation in the United States","volume":"10","author":"Broder","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am Health Drug Benefits"},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"231","article-title":"Treatment of four cases of Fanconi anemia by allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with low intensity conditional regimen","volume":"3","author":"Hou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtct.2022.08.023","article-title":"Risk factors for development of pneumatosis intestinalis after Pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a single-Center case-control study","volume":"11","author":"Frolova Gregory","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transplant Cell Ther"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.6337","article-title":"Risk-factor analysis of poor graft function after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation","volume":"4","author":"Xiao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Med Sci"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Public Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2023.990181\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,23]],"date-time":"2023-03-23T06:09:34Z","timestamp":1679551774000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2023.990181\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,23]]},"references-count":26,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpubh.2023.990181"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2023.990181","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2565","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,23]]},"article-number":"990181"}}