{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T09:57:24Z","timestamp":1776765444482,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]],"date-time":"2024-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706659200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>There is a notable research gap on the mental health challenges faced by hospital pharmacists in the post-pandemic era. Therefore, the present study aims to explore mental health status, influencing factors, coping strategies, and the mediating effect of resilience of home quarantine hospital pharmacists (HQHPs).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>An embedded mixed-method study was conducted in Zhengzhou, a megalopolis in central China, from 20 October to 3 November 2022. For the qualitative study, semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions were conducted among HQHPs to understand their mental health state\uff0cthe factors that affect their mental health, and the alleviating strategies they used. For the quantitative study, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) and the Chinese version of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-25) were used to explore the mental health level of HQHPs. Meanwhile, the mediating effect of resilience was explored and verified with the bootstrap method or the structural equation model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>20 HQHPs participated in the qualitative study. Two themes were identified in terms of the factors that influenced the HQHPs\u2019 mental health levels. The positive factors include optimism, family company, and connection with friends, while the negative factors include inadequate supplies, inadequate information, and other emergencies. 210 HQHPs participated in the quantitative study, with a median resilience score of 66 [55.75, 74] in the lowest score range and an anxiety score of 5 [2, 7] in the mild anxiety range. The correlation analysis showed that nine of the 10 influencing factors identified in qualitative research were positively correlated with CD-RISC-25 scores and negatively correlated with the GAD-7 score. The mediating effect of resilience on anxiety was significant (95% bootstrap CI [\u22121.818, \u22120.384], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&amp;lt;0.001; or 95% bootstrap CI [\u22121.174, \u22120.430], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&amp;lt;0.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Even in the post-epidemic era, hospital pharmacists face psychological challenges. They actively address these issues based on accumulated experience and a stabilized mindset. In this process, resilience plays a significant mediating role.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1268638","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]],"date-time":"2024-01-31T04:37:27Z","timestamp":1706675847000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Hospital pharmacists\u2019 mental health during home isolation in the post-pandemic era of COVID-19: influencing factors, coping strategies, and the mediating effect of resilience"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Zhao","family":"Yin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"XiangYu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaojing","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hang","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2022.2145457","article-title":"The impact of covid-19 lockdown on the quality of life, meaningful activities, and frailty in community-dwelling octogenarians: a study in Belgium","volume":"27","author":"Costenoble","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aging Ment Health"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1111\/aphw.12211","article-title":"Resilience, social support, and coping as mediators between COVID-19-related stressful experiences and acute stress disorder among college students in China","volume":"12","author":"Ye","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl Psychol Health Well Being"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e184","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(21)00002-5","article-title":"Comparative cost-effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 testing strategies in the USA: a modelling study","volume":"6","author":"Du","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"756677","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.756677","article-title":"China's public health policies in response to COVID-19: from an \"authoritarian\" perspective","volume":"9","author":"Gao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2235","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17072235","article-title":"Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) analysis of China's prevention and control strategy for the COVID-19 epidemic","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2549","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291720004432","article-title":"Longitudinal changes in mental health and the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from the UK household longitudinal study","volume":"52","author":"Daly","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(20)30482-X","article-title":"Trajectories of anxiety and depressive symptoms during enforced isolation due to COVID-19 in England: a longitudinal observational study","volume":"8","author":"Fancourt","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.04.028","article-title":"A longitudinal study on the mental health of general population during the COVID-19 epidemic in China","volume":"87","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30460-8","article-title":"The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence","volume":"395","author":"Brooks","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1007\/s11096-020-01017-0","article-title":"Providing pharmacy services during the coronavirus pandemic","volume":"42","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pharm"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/s40545-020-00210-w","article-title":"Pharmacists at the frontline beating the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"13","author":"Bukhari","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Pharmaceut Policy Practice"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1156840","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1156840","article-title":"The impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of Lebanese pharmacists: a national cross-sectional study","volume":"11","author":"Safwan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.5688\/aj7206137","article-title":"Perceived stress and quality of life among doctor of pharmacy students","volume":"72","author":"Marshall","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Pharm Educ"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2923.1998.00234.x","article-title":"Perfectionism, the imposter phenomenon and psychological adjustment in medical, dental, nursing and pharmacy students","volume":"32","author":"Henning","year":"1998","journal-title":"Med Educ"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjspcare-2021-003125","article-title":"Anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic in hospital staff: systematic review plus meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Hosseinifard","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ Support Palliat Care"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13474","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.13474","article-title":"Fear, anxiety, and their disorders from the perspective of psychophysiology","volume":"57","author":"Hamm","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdab173","article-title":"Factors associated with work performance and mental health of healthcare workers during pandemics: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"44","author":"Nowrouzi-Kia","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Public Health"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare11060839","article-title":"Effectiveness of Drama-based intervention in improving mental health and well-being: A systematic review and Meta-analysis during the COVID-19 pandemic and post-pandemic period","volume":"11","author":"Jiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Healthcare"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.3934\/publichealth.2022036","article-title":"Experiences of wellbeing and resilience among refugee mothers and families in Calgary during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the role of participation in HIPPY, a home visiting program","volume":"9","author":"Zivot","year":"2022","journal-title":"AIMS Public Health"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1002\/da.10113","article-title":"Development of a new resilience scale: the Connor-Davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC)","volume":"18","author":"Connor","year":"2003","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1111\/nhs.13018","article-title":"Protecting healthcare workers' mental health against COVID-19-related stress: the effects of stress mindset and psychological resilience","volume":"25","author":"Emirza","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nurs Health Sci"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797070","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.797070","article-title":"Exploring the Pharmaceutical Care of Pharmacists in China during COVID-19-a National Multicenter Qualitative Study","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e048466","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-048466","article-title":"Qualitative research on the work experience of pharmacists in fever clinics and isolation wards of designated hospitals for novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19)","volume":"11","author":"Hao","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e049627","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-049627","article-title":"Psychological distress of frontline HCWsin the intensive care unit during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative study from China","volume":"12","author":"Yin","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1111\/inm.13031","article-title":"Nurses' mental health and coping strategies throughout COVID-19 outbreak: a nationwide qualitative study","volume":"31","author":"Maideen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Ment Health Nurs"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"916776","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.916776","article-title":"Exploring the necessity of psychological rounds and psychological interventions in general hospitals in the post-COVID-19 period","volume":"13","author":"Tang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0284799","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0284799","article-title":"Changes in diet, exercise and psychology of the quarantined population during the COVID-19 outbreak in Shanghai","volume":"18","author":"Qiu","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1370\/afm.104","article-title":"Designing a mixed methods study in primary care","volume":"2","author":"Creswell","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Fam Med"},{"key":"ref29","first-page":"41","volume-title":"Mixed methods research","author":"Halcomb","year":"1987"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jana.2012.08.005","article-title":"The effect of telephone support on depressive symptoms among HIV-infected pregnant women in Thailand: an embedded mixed methods study","volume":"24","author":"Ross","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-022-03591-5","article-title":"Exploring the experiences and expectations of pharmacist interns in large general hospitals in China: from the perspective of interns","volume":"22","author":"Yao","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Med Educ"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-017-1219-0","article-title":"Factor structure and psychometric evaluation of the Connor-Davidson resilience scale in a new employee population of China","volume":"17","author":"Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1111\/inm.12896","article-title":"Undergraduate nursing students' resilience, challenges, and supports during corona virus pandemic","volume":"30","author":"Hamadeh Kerbage","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Ment Health Nurs"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.944","article-title":"Effect of telecare management on pain and depression in patients with cancer: a randomized trial","volume":"304","author":"Kroenke","year":"2010","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1092","article-title":"A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7","volume":"166","author":"Spitzer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1111\/nhs.12048","article-title":"Content analysis and thematic analysis: implications for conducting a qualitative descriptive study","volume":"15","author":"Vaismoradi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nurs Health Sci"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1093\/intqhc\/mzm042","article-title":"Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ): a 32-item checklist for interviews and focus groups","volume":"19","author":"Tong","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Qual Health Care"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.7.4.422","article-title":"Mediation in experimental and nonexperimental studies: new procedures and recommendations","volume":"7","author":"Shrout","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychol Methods"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1007\/s10669-021-09836-w","article-title":"Logistics and supply chain management of food industry during COVID-19: disruptions and a recovery plan","volume":"42","author":"Barman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ Syst Decis"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-023-04414-6","article-title":"The parental COVID-19 anxiety and emotional exhaustion in healthcare workers: exploring the roles of resilience, prosocialness, and optimism","volume":"23","author":"Akda\u011f","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Psychol"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e 6860","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.6860","article-title":"The correlation of burnout and optimism among medical residents","volume":"12","author":"Fowler","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1186\/s12992-017-0292-y","article-title":"A study on satisfaction with publicly financed health services in China","volume":"13","author":"Zhai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Glob Health"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e362","DOI":"10.17269\/cjph.108.6105","article-title":"Migration and social determinants of mental health: results from the Canadian health measures survey","volume":"108","author":"Salami","year":"2017","journal-title":"Can J Public Health"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-014-0943-8","article-title":"Social networks, social support and psychiatric symptoms: social determinants and associations within a multicultural community population","volume":"50","author":"Smyth","year":"2015","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102532","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2021.102532","article-title":"Role of neighborhood social support in stress coping and psychological wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from Hubei, China","volume":"69","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Health Place"},{"key":"ref46","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-39611-3_15","article-title":"Concerns about Covid-19 in the eyes of respondents: example from Poland","volume-title":"World politics in the age of uncertainty","author":"Kalinowski","year":"2023"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Public Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1268638\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]],"date-time":"2024-01-31T04:37:30Z","timestamp":1706675850000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1268638\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]]},"references-count":47,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1268638"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1268638","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2565","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]]},"article-number":"1268638"}}