{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T18:13:58Z","timestamp":1793211238331,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,22]],"date-time":"2024-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713744000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The objective of this study is to examine mental health treatment utilization and interest among the large and growing demographic of single adults in the United States, who face unique societal stressors and pressures that may contribute to their heightened need for mental healthcare.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>We analyzed data from 3,453 single adults, focusing on those with possible mental health treatment needs by excluding those with positive self-assessments. We assessed prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of mental health treatment, including psychotherapy and psychiatric medication use, and interest in attending psychotherapy among participants who had never attended.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>26% were in mental health treatment; 17% were attending psychotherapy, 16% were taking psychiatric medications, and 7% were doing both. Further, 64% had never attended psychotherapy, of which 35% expressed interest in future attendance. There were differences in current psychotherapy attendance and psychiatric medication use by gender and sexual orientation, with women and gay\/lesbian individuals more likely to engage in both forms of mental health treatment. Additionally, interest in future psychotherapy among those who had never attended varied significantly by age, gender, and race. Younger individuals, women, and Black\/African-American participants showed higher likelihoods of interest in psychotherapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our research highlights a critical gap in mental health treatment utilization among single adults who may be experiencing a need for those services. Despite a seemingly higher likelihood of engagement in mental health treatment compared to the general population, only a minority of single adults in our sample were utilizing mental health treatment. This underutilization and the observed demographic disparities in mental health treatment underscore the need for targeted outreach, personalized treatment plans, enhanced provider training, and policy advocacy to ensure equitable access to mental healthcare for single adults across sociodemographic backgrounds.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1292603","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,22]],"date-time":"2024-04-22T15:45:17Z","timestamp":1713800717000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Exploring patterns in mental health treatment and interests of single adults in the United States: a secondary data analysis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Amanda N.","family":"Gesselman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ellen M.","family":"Kaufman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lee Y. S.","family":"Weeks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zoe","family":"Moscovici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret","family":"Bennett-Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivia R.","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica T.","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malia","family":"Piazza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucy","family":"Bhuyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Dub\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica J.","family":"Hille","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin R.","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2017.02.034","article-title":"Why people stay single: an evolutionary perspective","volume":"111","author":"Apostolou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Personal Individ Differ"},{"key":"ref2","unstructured":"BrownA.\n          2020"},{"key":"ref3","volume-title":"Marriage, a history: How love conquered marriage","author":"Coontz","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref4","volume-title":"Singled out: How singles are stereotyped, stigmatized, and ignored, and still live happily ever after","author":"DePaulo","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref5","unstructured":"FryR.\n            IgielnikR.\n            PattenE.\n          2023"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327965pli162&3_01","article-title":"Singles in society and in science","volume":"16","author":"DePaulo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychol Inq"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1111\/pere.12295","article-title":"Perceptions of married life among single never-married, single ever-married, and married adults","volume":"26","author":"Gesselman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pers Relat"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1002\/ejsp.542","article-title":"Stereotypes of singles: are singles what we think?","volume":"39","author":"Greitemeyer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Soc Psychol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2023.112208","article-title":"The price of being single: an explorative study of the disadvantages of singlehood","volume":"208","author":"Apostolou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Personal Individ Differ"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1177\/1368430207081535","article-title":"No shelter for singles: the perceived legitimacy of marital status discrimination","volume":"10","author":"Morris","year":"2007","journal-title":"Group Process Intergroup Relat"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"190","article-title":"Single, no children: who is your family?","volume-title":"Handbook of family communication","author":"DePaulo","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-016-9478-3","article-title":"Voluntary and involuntary singlehood and young adults\u2019 mental health: an investigation of mediating role of romantic loneliness","volume":"36","author":"Adamczyk","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Psychol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/del327","article-title":"Definite involuntary childlessness: associations between coping, social support and psychological distress","volume":"22","author":"Lechner","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"139","article-title":"A theory of social causation","volume":"5","author":"Giddings","year":"1904","journal-title":"Publ Am Econ Assoc"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1037\/10645-000","volume-title":"Social class and mental illness: Community study","author":"Hollingshead","year":"1958"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.2307\/1131407","article-title":"Socialization mediators of the relation between socioeconomic status and child conduct problems","volume":"65","author":"Dodge","year":"1994","journal-title":"Child Dev"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.108.3.490","article-title":"A longitudinal investigation of social causation and social selection processes involved in the association between socioeconomic status and psychiatric disorders","volume":"108","author":"Johnson","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1037\/hea0001259","article-title":"A global meta-analysis of depression, anxiety, and stress before and during COVID-19","volume":"42","author":"Daniali","year":"2023","journal-title":"Health Psychol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2022.05.014","article-title":"Trends in U.S. depression prevalence from 2015 to 2020: the widening treatment gap","volume":"63","author":"Goodwin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"ref20","unstructured":"2011"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.086","article-title":"Longitudinal trajectories of depression and anxiety among adolescents during COVID-19 lockdown in China","volume":"299","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"ref22","unstructured":"2022"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1111\/eip.12462","article-title":"Supporting a friend, housemate or partner with mental health difficulties: the student experience","volume":"13","author":"Byrom","year":"2019","journal-title":"Early Interv Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.160.1.93","article-title":"Impact of adolescent mental disorders and physical illnesses on quality of life 17 years later","volume":"160","author":"Chen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1080\/09638237.2021.2022615","article-title":"Lost in transition: a systematic review of the association between unemployment and mental health","volume":"31","author":"Virgolino","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Ment Health"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1192\/bjb.2020.78","article-title":"Poverty and mental health: policy, practice and research implications","volume":"44","author":"Knifton","year":"2020","journal-title":"BJPsych Bulletin"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2020.03.017","article-title":"Symptom networks in acute depression across bipolar and major depressive disorders: a network analysis on a large, international, observational study","volume":"35","author":"Corponi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.9740\/mhc.2016.07.191","article-title":"Sexual dysfunction in selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and potential solutions: a narrative literature review","volume":"6","author":"Jing","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mental Health Clinician"},{"key":"ref29","unstructured":"2009"},{"key":"ref30","unstructured":"2023"},{"key":"ref31","unstructured":"2022"},{"key":"ref32","unstructured":"TerlizziE. P.\n            NorrisT.\n          2021"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1177\/0095798417691381","article-title":"Obstructed use: reconceptualizing the mental health (help-seeking) experiences of black Americans","volume":"43","author":"Burkett","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Black Psychol"},{"key":"ref34","first-page":"97","article-title":"Mental health and mental disorders\u2014a rural challenge: a literature review","volume":"2","author":"Gamm","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rural Healthy People"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20068","article-title":"Who seeks treatment after a traumatic event and who does not? A review of findings on mental health service utilization","volume":"18","author":"Gavrilovic","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2515","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmsa043266","article-title":"Prevalence and treatment of mental disorders, 1990 to 2003","volume":"352","author":"Kessler","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2015.01.003","article-title":"Service use patterns and mental health symptoms among adolescents exposed to multiple types of trauma","volume":"40","author":"McChesney","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Adolesc"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1037\/14733-004","article-title":"Mental health service utilization across race: a meta-analysis of surveys and archival studies","volume-title":"Foundations of multicultural psychology: Research to inform effective practice","author":"Smith","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.2007.58.2.213","article-title":"Differences in lifetime use of services for mental health problems in six European countries","volume":"58","author":"Kovess-Masfety","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv"},{"key":"ref40","unstructured":"2009"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2010.10040570","article-title":"National trends in outpatient psychotherapy","volume":"167","author":"Olfson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1097\/nmd.0000000000000181","article-title":"Use of psychotherapy in a representative adult community sample in S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil","volume":"202","author":"Blay","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Nerv Ment Dis"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-022-08389-1","article-title":"Socioeconomic factors and use of psychotherapy in common mental disorders predisposing to disability pension","volume":"22","author":"Lepp\u00e4nen","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"821671","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.821671","article-title":"Usage patterns of telepsychology and face-to-face psychotherapy: clients\u2019 profiles and perceptions","volume":"13","author":"Sora","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1007\/s10578-021-01289-1","article-title":"Examining the mental health presentations of treatment-seeking transgender and gender nonconforming (TGNC) youth","volume":"54","author":"Stewart","year":"2023","journal-title":"Child Psychiatry Hum Dev"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1037\/cou0000339","article-title":"Health disparities between genderqueer, transgender, and cisgender individuals: an extension of minority stress theory","volume":"66","author":"Lefevor","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Couns Psychol"},{"key":"ref47","first-page":"38","article-title":"Minority stress and mental health in gay men","author":"Meyer","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1080\/19359705.2017.1320739","article-title":"Multiple minorities as multiply marginalized: applying the minority stress theory to LGBTQ people of color","volume":"21","author":"Cyrus","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Gay Lesbian Ment Health"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1002\/cad.20244","article-title":"Integrating the neurobiology of minority stress with an intersectionality framework for LGBTQ-Latinx populations","volume":"2018","author":"Parra","year":"2018","journal-title":"New Dir Child Adolesc Dev"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1111\/josi.12410","article-title":"A critical deconstructed quantitative analysis: sexual and gender minority stress through an intersectional lens","volume":"76","author":"Williams","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Soc Issues"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2019.3647","article-title":"Association of income with the incidence rates of first psychiatric hospital admissions in Finland, 1996-2014","volume":"77","author":"Suokas","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(00)00312-9","article-title":"Estimating the employment and earnings costs of mental illness: recent developments in the United States","volume":"53","author":"Marcotte","year":"2001","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797618815441","article-title":"Income inequality and white-on-black racial Bias in the United States: evidence from project implicit and Google trends","volume":"30","author":"Connor","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychol Sci"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1037\/sgd0000265","article-title":"Multiple minority stress and LGBT community resilience among sexual minority men","volume":"5","author":"McConnell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychol Sex Orientat Gend Divers"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.129.5.674","article-title":"Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: conceptual issues and research evidence","volume":"129","author":"Meyer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1111\/jftr.12529","article-title":"The temporal intersectional minority stress model: reimagining minority stress theory","volume":"15","author":"Rivas-Koehl","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Fam Theory Rev"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.3109\/01612840.2014.888603","article-title":"Postpartum depression: risks, protective factors, and the couple\u2019s relationship","volume":"35","author":"Banker","year":"2014","journal-title":"Issues Ment Health Nurs"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2016.09.011","article-title":"Maternal and paternal sleep during pregnancy in the child-sleep birth cohort","volume":"29","author":"Paavonen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssresearch.2015.08.009","article-title":"Social support, stress, and maternal postpartum depression: a comparison of supportive relationships","volume":"54","author":"Reid","year":"2015","journal-title":"Soc Sci Res"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1037\/amp0000376","article-title":"The transition to parenthood as a critical window for adult health","volume":"73","author":"Saxbe","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am Psychol"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1017\/s1092852914000480","article-title":"The role of reproductive hormones in postpartum depression","volume":"20","author":"Schiller","year":"2015","journal-title":"CNS Spectr"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-9020.2008.00117.x","article-title":"Non-custodial mothers: thematic trends and future directions","volume":"2","author":"Bemiller","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sociol Compass"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1111\/pere.12139","article-title":"Romantic and dating behaviors among single parents in the United States","volume":"23","author":"Gray","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pers Relat"},{"key":"ref64","unstructured":"2021"},{"key":"ref65","first-page":"353","article-title":"An inclusive gender identity measure","volume-title":"Handbook of sexuality-related measures","author":"Haupert","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref66","unstructured":"FryR.\n            ParkerK.\n          2021"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1177\/17456916221136119","article-title":"Coping or thriving? Reviewing intrapersonal, interpersonal, and societal factors associated with well-being in singlehood from a within-group perspective","volume":"18","author":"Girme","year":"2022","journal-title":"Perspect Psychol Sci"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1521\/jscp.2017.36.6.461","article-title":"Stress of singlehood: marital status, domain-specific stress, and anxiety in a national U.S. sample","volume":"36","author":"Ta","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Soc Clin Psychol"},{"key":"ref69","unstructured":"KearlH.\n            JohnsN. E.\n            RajA.\n          2019"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1111\/bjc.12147","article-title":"Gender differences in preferences for psychological treatment, coping strategies, and triggers to help-seeking","volume":"57","author":"Liddon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Clin Psychol"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1111\/camh.12647","article-title":"Debate: don\u2019t mind the gap\u2013why do we not care about the gender gap in common mental health difficulties?","volume":"28","author":"Patalay","year":"2023","journal-title":"Child Adolesc Mental Health"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-015-1038-x","article-title":"The gender gap in mental health service use","volume":"50","author":"Pattyn","year":"2015","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1007\/s11126-020-09836-0","article-title":"The COVID-19 pandemic and its effect on mental health in USA \u2013 a review with some coping strategies","volume":"91","author":"Bhattacharjee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychiatry Q"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2010.04.031","article-title":"Limited English proficiency as a barrier to mental health service use: a study of Latino and Asian immigrants with psychiatric disorders","volume":"45","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.47.3.282","article-title":"Race, quality of care, and antipsychotic prescribing practices in psychiatric emergency services","volume":"47","author":"Segal","year":"1996","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1007\/s40615-022-01284-9","article-title":"Racial and ethnic disparities in mental health and mental health care during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"10","author":"Thomeer","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Racial Ethn Health Disparities"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1177\/0022146518814251","article-title":"Stress and the mental health of populations of color: advancing our understanding of race-related stressors","volume":"59","author":"Williams","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Health Soc Behav"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1089\/lgbt.2017.0225","article-title":"Use of mental health services among college students by sexual orientation","volume":"5","author":"Baams","year":"2018","journal-title":"LGBT Health"},{"key":"ref79","first-page":"1","article-title":"Sexual orientation and health among U.S. adults: national health interview survey, 2013","volume":"77","author":"Ward","year":"2014","journal-title":"Natl Health Stat Rep"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1177\/0020731420985640","article-title":"COVID-19 has revealed America\u2019s broken health care system: what can we learn?","volume":"51","author":"Geyman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Health Serv"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1111\/josh.12753","article-title":"Utilization of mental health Services in Educational Setting by adolescents in the United States","volume":"89","author":"Ali","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Sch Health"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1023\/a:1018743908617","article-title":"Use, persistence, and intensity: patterns of care for children\u2019s mental health across one year","volume":"35","author":"Farmer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Community Ment Health J"},{"key":"ref83","unstructured":"2021"},{"key":"ref84","unstructured":"2023"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2017.05.005","article-title":"The relationship between social desirability bias and self-reports of health, substance use, and social network factors among urban substance users in Baltimore, Maryland","volume":"73","author":"Latkin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-5823.2010.00112.x","article-title":"Selection bias in web surveys","volume":"78","author":"Bethlehem","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int Stat Rev"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S132","DOI":"10.1097\/mlr.0000000000001453","article-title":"Financial strain, mental illness, and homelessness: results from a national longitudinal study","volume":"59","author":"Elbogen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2344","DOI":"10.1007\/s40615-022-01414-3","article-title":"Increased self-reported mental health problems among Asian-Americans during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States: evidence from a nationally representative database","volume":"10","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Racial Ethn Health Disparities"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-018-1494-1","article-title":"Mental health burden in a national sample of American Indian and Alaska native adults: differences between multiple-race and single-race subgroups","volume":"53","author":"Asdigian","year":"2018","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref90","unstructured":"ParkerK.\n            HorowitzJ. M.\n            LopezM. H.\n          2015"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1996.01830080048009","article-title":"Patterns of mental health service utilization","volume":"53","author":"Howard","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Public Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1292603\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,22]],"date-time":"2024-04-22T15:45:25Z","timestamp":1713800725000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1292603\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,22]]},"references-count":91,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1292603"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1292603","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2565","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,22]]},"article-number":"1292603"}}