{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T16:28:58Z","timestamp":1753892938015,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,26]],"date-time":"2024-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Medical security work for the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic and Paralympics faced enormous challenges under COVID-19. This study aimed to investigate the mental status of those medical team members to provide a reference for scientifically implementing medical security services for large-scale events.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this prospective cohort study, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Self-rating Anxiety Scale, General Self-Efficacy Scale, and Psychological Questionnaire for Emergent Events of Public Health (PQEEPH) were administered to 145 members of the medical team. A generalized mixed linear model was used to analyze the impact of work duration, position, on\/off rotation, and gender on psychological status.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Work duration significantly impacted depression, anxiety, self-efficacy, and all dimensions of PQEEPH. Women scored higher than men in the PQEEPH dimensions of depression, neurasthenia, fear, and total score. Working status affected the dimensions of depression, neurasthenia, and total score. Deterioration in emotional state became apparent in the fourth week and recovered 1 week after the task concluded, while self-efficacy decreased from beginning to end.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>All the medical team members experienced emotional deterioration and decreased self-efficacy in medical security tasks. To maintain a medical team\u2019s psychological wellbeing during large-scale activities, rotation times should be set reasonably, and adequate mental health services should be provided.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1308573","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,26]],"date-time":"2024-08-26T05:05:42Z","timestamp":1724648742000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Psychological status of medical security teams in Winter Olympic Games and Paralympics under COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhiwei","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ran","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yunlong","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhongwei","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-856X.12017","article-title":"Sport mega-event as part of a Nation's soft power strategy: the case of Germany (2006) and the UK (2012)","volume":"16","author":"Grix","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Politics Int Relat"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"257","article-title":"Mass gatherings: a systematic review of the literature on large events","volume":"29","author":"Llorente Nieto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Emergencias"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2083","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)62342-9","article-title":"London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic games: public health surveillance and epidemiology","volume":"383","author":"McCloskey","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2021-105276","article-title":"Olympic Games in COVID-19 times: lessons learned with special focus on the upcoming FIFA world cup Qatar 2022","volume":"56","author":"Dergaa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"volume-title":"Update on omicron","year":"2021","key":"ref5"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"720591","DOI":"10.3389\/fspor.2022.720591","article-title":"Understanding COVID-19: a hybrid threat and its impact on sport mega-events. A focus on Japan and the Tokyo 2020 Olympic games","volume":"4","author":"Ilevbare","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Sports Act Living"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2016.02.001","article-title":"Rapid spread of Zika virus in the Americas - implications for public health preparedness for mass gatherings at the 2016 Brazil Olympic Games","volume":"44","author":"Petersen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e100213","DOI":"10.1136\/gpsych-2020-100213","article-title":"A nationwide survey of psychological distress among Chinese people in the COVID-19 epidemic: implications and policy recommendations","volume":"33","author":"Qiu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gen Psychiatr"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.09.047","article-title":"Psychological consequences and quality of life among medical rescuers who responded to the 2010 Yushu earthquake: a neglected problem","volume":"230","author":"Kang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30460-8","article-title":"The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence","volume":"395","author":"Brooks","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.55.9.1055","article-title":"Survey of stress reactions among health care workers involved with the SARS outbreak","volume":"55","author":"Bai","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291704002247","article-title":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in Hong Kong in 2003: stress and psychological impact among frontline healthcare workers","volume":"34","author":"Tam","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2007.07.015","article-title":"Impact on health care workers employed in high-risk areas during the Toronto SARS outbreak","volume":"64","author":"Styra","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.2006.035089","article-title":"The psychological effect of severe acute respiratory syndrome on emergency department staff","volume":"24","author":"Lin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Emerg Med J"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370404900607","article-title":"Stress and psychological impact on SARS patients during the outbreak","volume":"49","author":"Chua","year":"2004","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatr"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.03.007","article-title":"Vicarious traumatization in the general public, members, and non-members of medical teams aiding in COVID-19 control","volume":"88","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eujim.2021.101323","article-title":"The physical and mental health of the medical staff in Wuhan Huoshenshan hospital during COVID-19 epidemic: a structural equation modeling approach","volume":"44","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Integr Med"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112936","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112936","article-title":"Psychological status of medical workforce during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study","volume":"288","author":"Lu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102928","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2022.102928","article-title":"Mental health status of medical staff in Xinjiang Province of China based on the normalisation of COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control","volume":"74","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Disaster Risk Reduct"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0113","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000010113","article-title":"Determinate factors of mental health status in Chinese medical staff: a cross-sectional study","volume":"97","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.5847\/wjem.j.1920-8642.2011.04.004","article-title":"Medical care delivery at the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games","volume":"2","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"World J Emerg Med"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.18.1737","article-title":"Validation and utility of a self-report version of PRIME-MD: the PHQ primary care study. Primary care evaluation of mental disorders. Patient health questionnaire","volume":"282","author":"Spitzer","year":"1999","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"301","article-title":"Reliability and validity of revised self rating anxiety scale (SAS-CR)","volume":"5","author":"Ming","year":"1994","journal-title":"Chin J Nerv Mental Dis"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-018-0872-4","article-title":"Chinese translation and psychometric testing of the cardiac self-efficacy scale in patients with coronary heart disease in mainland China","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1001-8565.2004.02.028","article-title":"Discussion on the coping style of undergraduates and the correlative factors during the epidemic period of SARS","volume":"2","author":"Gao","year":"2004","journal-title":"Chin Med Ethics"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"1245","article-title":"The immediate psychological and occupational impact of the 2003 SARS outbreak in a teaching hospital","volume":"168","author":"Maunder","year":"2003","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e051895","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-051895","article-title":"Psychological impact of repeated epidemic exposure on healthcare workers: findings from an online survey of a healthcare workforce exposed to both SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) and COVID-19","volume":"11","author":"Chan","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.84.2.191","article-title":"Self-efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioral change","volume":"84","author":"Bandura","year":"1977","journal-title":"Psychol Rev"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.55.3.479","article-title":"Perceived self-efficacy in coping with cognitive stressors and opioid activation","volume":"55","author":"Bandura","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.2307\/1131888","article-title":"Multifaceted impact of self-efficacy beliefs on academic functioning","volume":"67","author":"Bandura","year":"1996","journal-title":"Child Dev"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Public Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1308573\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,26]],"date-time":"2024-08-26T05:05:49Z","timestamp":1724648749000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1308573\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,26]]},"references-count":30,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1308573"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1308573","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2565"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2296-2565"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,26]]},"article-number":"1308573"}}