{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]],"date-time":"2025-09-19T11:19:45Z","timestamp":1758280785758,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]],"date-time":"2024-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719964800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Anxiety disorders are the most common mental disorder, experienced by more than a quarter of the population. This study examines total outpatient curative care expenditures (CCE) for anxiety disorders and changes in their composition based on the System of Health Accounts 2011 (SHA 2011).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study used multi-stage stratified random from a total of 9,318,513 outpatient sample data by 920 healthcare organizations, a total of 109,703 cases of anxiety disorders from 53 sample organizations (5.76%) from 2015 to 2020. Univariate analysis, multifactor analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM) were used to explore the influential factors affecting outpatient CCE for anxiety disorders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Anxiety disorder outpatient CCE from 2015 to 2020 continued to increase from CNY 99.39million in 2015 to CNY 233.84 million in 2020, mainly concentrated in western medicine costs, 15\u201364\u2009years, general hospital, generalized anxiety disorder and public financing. The results of univariate analysis showed statistically significant differences in all subgroups, and the results of multivariate analysis and SEM showed that the choice to purchase western drugs, purchase prepared Chinese drugs, choice to have a checkup, urban employees\u2019 basic medical insurance, and 0\u201314\u2009years old were associated with high anxiety disorder outpatient CCE.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Initiatives to improve the essential drug system, reduce the out-of-pocket (OOP) ratio, and strengthen primary health care to effectively reduce the medical burden on patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1329596","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]],"date-time":"2024-07-03T05:13:29Z","timestamp":1719983609000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Curative care expenditure of outpatient anxiety disorder in Liaoning Province, 2015-2020-based on \u201cSystem of Health Accounts 2011\u201d"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Xiaoxia","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Quan","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peipei","family":"Chai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuedan","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1017\/s1121189x00001421","article-title":"The global burden of mental disorders: an update from the WHO world mental health (WMH) surveys","volume":"18","author":"Kessler","year":"2009","journal-title":"Epidemiol Psichiatr Soc"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-023-04581-7","article-title":"Prevalence and economic burden of depression and anxiety symptoms among Singaporean adults: results from a 2022 web panel","volume":"23","author":"Chodavadia","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"volume-title":"Depression and other common mental disorders: global health estimates","year":"2017","key":"ref3"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-022-06192-1","article-title":"A randomised controlled trial investigating the clinical and cost-effectiveness of alpha-stim AID cranial electrotherapy stimulation (CES) in patients seeking treatment for moderate severity depression in primary care (alpha-stim-D trial)","volume":"23","author":"Patel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1177\/070674371005500806","article-title":"Persistence and remission of psychiatric disorders in the Quebec older adult population","volume":"55","author":"Pr\u00e9ville","year":"2010","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatr"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2431","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.22744","article-title":"Anxiety disorders: a review","volume":"328","author":"Szuhany","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"volume-title":"Anxiety and related disorders and physical illness","year":"2015","author":"Nyuthe","key":"ref7"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v63n0101","article-title":"The epidemiology of anxiety disorders: prevalence and societal costs","volume":"63","author":"L\u00e9pine","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1159\/000073451","article-title":"Quality of life in anxiety disorders: a comparison of obsessive-compulsive disorder, social anxiety disorder, and panic disorder","volume":"36","author":"Lochner","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychopathology"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2013.09.009","article-title":"Incremental direct medical expenditures associated with anxiety disorders for the U.S. adult population: evidence from the medical expenditure panel survey","volume":"27","author":"Shirneshan","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Anxiety Disord"},{"year":"2019","key":"ref11"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/s40273-019-00849-7","article-title":"Economic burden of anxiety disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"38","author":"Konnopka","year":"2020","journal-title":"PharmacoEconomics"},{"volume-title":"Paying the price: the cost of mental health care in England to 2026","year":"2008","author":"Mccrone","key":"ref13"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28033","DOI":"10.1038\/srep28033","article-title":"Meta-analysis of the prevalence of anxiety disorders in mainland China from 2000 to 2015","volume":"6","author":"Guo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2041","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60660-7","article-title":"Prevalence, treatment, and associated disability of mental disorders in four provinces in China during 2001-05: an epidemiological survey","volume":"373","author":"Phillips","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"21","article-title":"Epidemiological survey of mental illness in people aged 18 years and above in Hebei Province","author":"Guo","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1004-6194.2008.02.023","article-title":"Epidemiological survey of anxiety disorders in urban and rural residents of Liaoning Province","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2008","journal-title":"China J Preven Control Chronic Non-commun Dis"},{"volume-title":"Epidemiological survey of mental health in community population in Xi\u2019an, China","year":"2012","author":"Chen","key":"ref18"},{"volume-title":"The investigation of mental disorders and their impact factors in rural areas adults of Ningxia","year":"2013","author":"Li","key":"ref19"},{"key":"ref20","first-page":"107","article-title":"Epidemiologic survey of anxiety disorders in community population aged 15 and older in Yunfu City","volume":"25","author":"Lu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"volume-title":"Study on prevalence of anxiety disorders and correlation factors","year":"2010","author":"Zhang","key":"ref21"},{"key":"ref22","first-page":"951","article-title":"Epidemiological survey on mental illness in urban and rural residents of Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region","volume":"27","author":"Wei","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Guangxi Med Univ"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"1191","article-title":"Qinhuangdao epidemiological survey of 18 years age and people over mental illness","volume":"41","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Shanxi Med J"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6570","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291722003920","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of transdiagnostic group cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety disorders v. treatment as usual: economic evaluation of a pragmatic randomized controlled trial over an 8-month time horizon using self-reported data","volume":"53","author":"Chapdelaine","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2015.17.3\/akaczkurkin","article-title":"Cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxiety disorders: an update on the empirical evidence","volume":"17","author":"Kaczkurkin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dialogues Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0262220","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0262220","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness and cost-utility of an acceptance and commitment therapy intervention vs. a cognitive behavioral therapy intervention for older adults with anxiety symptoms: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"17","author":"Witlox","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1007\/s41669-021-00318-y","article-title":"Cost effectiveness of digital interventions for generalised anxiety disorder: a model-based analysis","volume":"6","author":"Jankovic","year":"2022","journal-title":"PharmacoEconomics"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/s41669-021-00319-x","article-title":"Cost effectiveness of internet-delivered acceptance and commitment therapy for patients with severe health anxiety: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"6","author":"Ris\u00f8r","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmacoecon Open"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-022-06899-1","article-title":"Minimising young Children's anxiety through schools (MY-CATS): statistical analysis plan for a cluster randomised controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of an online parent-led intervention compared with usual school practice for young children identified as at risk for anxiety disorders","volume":"23","author":"Jones","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40511","DOI":"10.1038\/srep40511","article-title":"Comorbid generalized anxiety disorder and its association with quality of life in patients with major depressive disorder","volume":"7","author":"Zhou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-6163.2009.00212.x","article-title":"Generalized anxiety disorder in China: prevalence, sociodemographic correlates, comorbidity, and suicide attempts","volume":"45","author":"Ma","year":"2009","journal-title":"Perspect Psychiatr Care"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S240058","article-title":"Medication profile and treatment cost estimation among outpatients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, and anxiety disorders in Indonesia","volume":"16","author":"Puspitasari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1080\/14737167.2019.1519399","article-title":"Consequences on economic outcomes of generic versus brand-name drugs used in routine clinical practice: the case of treating peripheral neuropathic pain or generalized anxiety disorder with pregabalin","volume":"19","author":"Sicras-Mainar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s41105-022-00412-6","article-title":"The economic costs of insomnia comorbid with depression and anxiety disorders: an observational study at a sleep clinic in Mexico","volume":"21","author":"Torres-Granados","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sleep Biol Rhythms"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-022-03759-9","article-title":"Health care system and patient costs associated with receipt of minimally adequate treatment for depression and anxiety disorders in older adults","volume":"22","author":"Lamoureux-Lamarche","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"year":"2022","author":"Aizhan","key":"ref36"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.7664\/CHE20130103","article-title":"New system of health accounts introduction of system of health accounts 2011","volume":"32","author":"Zhai","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chinese Health Econ"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"658697","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.658697","article-title":"Healthcare expenditures associated with comorbid anxiety and depression among adults with migraine","volume":"12","author":"Alwhaibi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"volume-title":"ICD-10 classification of mental behavioural disorders: diagnostic criteria for research","year":"1993","key":"ref39"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.13410","article-title":"Temporal changes in sex- and age-specific incidence profiles of mental disorders-a nationwide study from 1970 to 2016","volume":"145","author":"Plana-Ripoll","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"volume-title":"Primary care entrepreneurship tutorial for college students","year":"2012","author":"Fei Zhong","key":"ref41"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"020504","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.08.020504","article-title":"Factors of hospitalization expenditure of the genitourinary system diseases in the aged based on \"system of health account 2011\" and neural network model","volume":"8","author":"He","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Glob Health"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"010802","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.10.010802","article-title":"How to control the economic burden of treating cardio-cerebrovascular diseases in China? Assessment based on system of health accounts 2011","volume":"10","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Glob Health"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"010801","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.08.010801","article-title":"How to apply SHA 2011 at a subnational level in China's practical situation: take children health expenditure as an example","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Glob Health"},{"year":"2020","key":"ref45"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.19365\/j.issn1000-4181.2021.04.11","article-title":"From new rural cooperative medical care to basic medical insurance for urban and rural residents: an analysis of the policy effects of urban and rural medical insurance coordination","volume":"4","author":"Ma","year":"2021","journal-title":"China Econ Stud"},{"key":"ref47","first-page":"160","article-title":"Analysis and implications of health care financing in Russia from the perspective of universal health coverage","author":"Tong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Comp Econ Soc Syst"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(03)13861-5","article-title":"Household catastrophic health expenditure: a multicountry analysis","volume":"362","author":"Xu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.2147\/RMHP.S19801","article-title":"Adherence and health care costs","volume":"7","author":"Iuga","year":"2014","journal-title":"Risk Manag Healthc Policy"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.4.421","article-title":"Adverse events associated with prescription drug cost-sharing among poor and elderly persons","volume":"285","author":"Tamblyn","year":"2001","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"year":"2022","key":"ref51"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.7655\/NYDXBSS20150303","article-title":"Suggestions for strategies to achieve the goal of universal health coverage in China","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Nanjing Med Univ"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2003.10.005","article-title":"Primary care perspectives on generalized anxiety disorder","volume":"18","author":"Roy-Byrne","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/s0163-8343(97)00096-0","article-title":"The nature and prevalence of anxiety disorders in primary care","volume":"20","author":"Nisenson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Gen Hosp Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-009-0056-y","article-title":"Prevalence of mental disorders in primary care: results from the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders in primary care study (DASMAP)","volume":"45","author":"Serrano-Blanco","year":"2010","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.173.1.11","article-title":"Excess mortality of mental disorder","volume":"173","author":"Harris","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.6.629","article-title":"Twelve-month use of mental health services in the United States: results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication","volume":"62","author":"Wang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.09m05626blu","article-title":"Quality of and patient satisfaction with primary health care for anxiety disorders","volume":"72","author":"Stein","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2230","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.161.12.2230","article-title":"Quality of care for primary care patients with anxiety disorders","volume":"161","author":"Stein","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"year":"2014","key":"ref60"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.111.096305","article-title":"Adjustment disorders in primary care: prevalence, recognition and use of services","volume":"201","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1159\/000318295","article-title":"Do primary care physicians have particular difficulty identifying late-life depression? A meta-analysis stratified by age","volume":"79","author":"Mitchell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychother Psychosom"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20074","article-title":"The cost of treating anxiety: the medical and demographic correlates that impact total medical costs","volume":"21","author":"Marciniak","year":"2005","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2005.01196.x","article-title":"Cost of anxiety disorders in Europe","volume":"12","author":"Andlin-Sobocki","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3999(94)90145-7","article-title":"Cost of anxiety disorders: impact of comorbidity","volume":"38","author":"Sou\u0115tre","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.3111\/13696991003591321","article-title":"Anxiety disorders, major depressive disorder and the dynamic relationship between these conditions: treatment patterns and cost analysis","volume":"13","author":"Fran\u00e7ois","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Med Econ"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2013.09.001","article-title":"A clinical research practice datalink analysis of antidepressant treatment patterns and health care costs in generalized anxiety disorder","volume":"16","author":"Chollet","year":"2013","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1007\/s10597-012-9503-4","article-title":"The cost of generalized anxiety disorder in primary care settings: results of the ANCORA study","volume":"48","author":"Rovira","year":"2012","journal-title":"Commun Ment Health J"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3095","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.23.3095","article-title":"The epidemiology of major depressive disorder: results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R)","volume":"289","author":"Kessler","year":"2003","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291707002012","article-title":"Co-morbid major depression and generalized anxiety disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey follow-up","volume":"38","author":"Kessler","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1731","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.2006.57.12.1731","article-title":"Impact of comorbid anxiety disorders on health-related quality of life among patients with major depressive disorder","volume":"57","author":"Mittal","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1002\/hpm.3367","article-title":"The economic burden of anxiety and depression on the working age population with diabetes in Spain","volume":"37","author":"Fernandez-Piciochi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Health Plann Manag"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(16)30024-4","article-title":"Scaling-up treatment of depression and anxiety: a global return on investment analysis","volume":"3","author":"Chisholm","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2753.2010.01490.x","article-title":"The costs of guideline-concordant care and of care according to patients\u2019 needs in anxiety and depression","volume":"17","author":"Prins","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Eval Clin Pract"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4842520","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/4842520","article-title":"The humanistic and economic burden associated with anxiety and depression among adults with comorbid dabetes and hypertension","volume":"2018","author":"Wallace","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Diabetes Res"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31793-8","article-title":"Pharmacological treatments for generalised anxiety disorder: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"393","author":"Slee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2013.06.004","article-title":"Interventional management of neuropathic pain: NeuPSIG recommendations","volume":"154","author":"Dworkin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref78","first-page":"617","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder in adults","volume":"91","author":"Locke","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2012.11.004","article-title":"National trends of psychotropic medication use among patients diagnosed with anxiety disorders: results from medical expenditure panel survey 2004-2009","volume":"27","author":"Wu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Anxiety Disord"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-010-0186-2","article-title":"Mental health service use and treatment adequacy for anxiety disorders in Canada","volume":"46","author":"Roberge","year":"2011","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-017-1465-y","article-title":"Out-of-pocket health expenditures in patients with bipolar disorder, anxiety, schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders: findings from a study in a psychiatry outpatient clinic in Turkey","volume":"53","author":"Islek","year":"2018","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.4038\/cmj.v57i1.4195","article-title":"Direct and indirect cost of schizophrenia in outpatients treated in a tertiary care psychiatry unit","volume":"57","author":"Silva","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ceylon Med J"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2018.06.003","article-title":"Variation in out of pocket health care costs for individuals with anxiety disorders by type of insurance coverage","volume":"58","author":"Tuckera","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Anxiety Disord"},{"year":"2018","author":"Bennett","key":"ref84"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2015.17.3\/bbandelow","article-title":"Epidemiology of anxiety disorders in the 21st century","volume":"17","author":"Bandelow","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dialogues Clin Neurosci"},{"volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","year":"2013","key":"ref86"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-017-0889-2","article-title":"The cross-national epidemiology of social anxiety disorder: data from the world mental health survey initiative","volume":"15","author":"Stein","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-020-00626-7","article-title":"Pediatric anxiety disorders: a cost of illness analysis","volume":"48","author":"Pella","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Abnorm Child Psychol"},{"key":"ref89","first-page":"73","article-title":"Analysis of substance abuse and its treatment countermeasures among elderly patients with anxiety\/depression at the primary level","volume":"22","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Pract Cardiopulmonary Vasc Dis"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-022-09012-z","article-title":"Primary care patients' experiences of video consultations for depression and anxiety: a qualitative interview study embedded in a randomized feasibility trial","volume":"23","author":"Haun","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.3810\/pgm.2010.07.2173","article-title":"Frequency of generalized anxiety disorder in Chinese primary care","volume":"122","author":"Ying","year":"2010","journal-title":"Postgrad Med"},{"key":"ref92","first-page":"3","article-title":"Perspectives: an international review of the national cost estimates of mental illness, 1990-2003","volume":"9","author":"Hu","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Ment Health Policy Econ"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1404","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)62116-9","article-title":"The prognosis of common mental disorders in adolescents: a 14-year prospective cohort study","volume":"383","author":"Patton","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5042","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291722002033","article-title":"Evaluating the effectiveness of a universal eHealth school-based prevention programme for depression and anxiety, and the moderating role of friendship network characteristics","volume":"53","author":"Jack","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"volume-title":"The effects of two different exercise modalities, aerobic exercise and high-intensity interval training, on anxiety and depression in medical students","year":"2022","author":"Ni","key":"ref95"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0203000","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0203000","article-title":"The relationship between greenspace and the mental wellbeing of adults: a systematic review","volume":"13","author":"Victoria Houlden","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16101711","article-title":"Psycho-physiological stress recovery in outdoor nature-based interventions: a systematic review of the past eight years of research","volume":"16","author":"Sus Sola Corazon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114081","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114081","article-title":"Exploring the role of exposure to green and blue spaces in preventing anxiety and depression among young people aged 14-24 years living in urban settings: a systematic review and conceptual framework","volume":"214","author":"Isabelle Bray","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ Res"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Public Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1329596\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]],"date-time":"2024-07-03T05:13:46Z","timestamp":1719983626000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1329596\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]]},"references-count":98,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1329596"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1329596","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2565"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2296-2565"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]]},"article-number":"1329596"}}