{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T15:26:06Z","timestamp":1789140366412,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,19]],"date-time":"2024-04-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713484800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To target health communication at less health-conscious groups, evidence on health behaviours\u2019 effects on non-health-related outcomes \u2013 such as academic performance \u2013 is necessary. Recent research has highlighted the associations of various health behaviours on academic performance of university students. However, there is a lack of research investigating the most predominant health behaviours simultaneously and their association with academic performance, as well as the factors that potentially influence the direction or strength of these associations. Therefore, this study investigated (I) which of the predominant health behaviours (physical activity, healthy diet, sleep, sedentary behaviour, alcohol consumption, smoking, drug use) are most associated with academic performance and (II) whether the personal resource of trait mindfulness moderates these associations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>An online survey was conducted amongst university students during the 2021 summer semester. Group differences in academic performance regarding health behaviours were analysed using ANOVA (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091,049). A first linear regression model (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009571), considering all selected health behaviours simultaneously, assessed their association with academic performance. A second model (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009540) assessed interaction effects of health behaviours and trait mindfulness. Separate regressions assessed each interaction\u2019s association with academic performance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sleep, fruit and vegetable consumption, and gender were significantly associated with academic performance. The second model showed no significant interaction effects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Targeting sleep and fruit and vegetable consumption might be the most promising strategies for elevating students\u2019 academic performance, thereby enabling health communication strategies to reach groups driven by performance improvements rather than health benefits.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1340235","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,19]],"date-time":"2024-04-19T04:59:55Z","timestamp":1713502795000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The association between health behaviours and academic performance moderated by trait mindfulness amongst university students: an observational study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Heller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Reichel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lina M.","family":"M\u00fclder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Sch\u00e4fer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Schwab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonia M.","family":"Werner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"Letzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Rigotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pavel","family":"Dietz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref2","article-title":"Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion [internet]","volume-title":"World Health Organization","year":"1986"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2020.00137","article-title":"A systematic umbrella review on the epidemiology of modifiable health influencing factors and on health promoting interventions among university students","volume":"8","author":"Dietz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579205","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.579205","article-title":"The big three health Behaviors and mental health and well-being among young adults: a cross-sectional investigation of sleep, exercise, and diet","volume":"11","author":"Wickham","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/07448481.2022.2063024","article-title":"Are health behaviors associated with academic performance among tertiary education students? 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