{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T01:52:06Z","timestamp":1792547526197,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,12]],"date-time":"2024-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate parental knowledge of myopia control, investigate its association with children\u2019s practice and refractive status, and explore their change under the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this web-based survey, a self-administered questionnaire was made online available during the COVID-19 outbreak between February 1th, 2022 and August 31th, 2022 in China. Participants were recruited via social media by convenience and snowball sampling. Parents of both sexes whose children aged between 3 and 18 were eligible. The overall questionnaire was composed of four categories: demographic information, parental knowledge of myopia, children\u2019s myopia-related behaviors and their change after the COVID-19 pandemic, and children\u2019s refractive status. SPSS version 18.0 was applied to perform the statistics analysis and <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05 was considered to be statistically significant.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 423 eligible families were included in our online survey. The average age of children was 11.37\u2009\u00b1\u20092.83y (male 46.1%; female 53.9%), with a myopia incidence of 83.9% (355\/423). Both children\u2019s age (OR\u2009=\u2009\u20130.6; 95%CI\u2009=\u2009\u20131.12 to \u22120.07; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.026) and family income (OR\u2009=\u20092.60; 95%CI\u2009=\u20091.13 to 4.07; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001) had independently significant impacts on parental knowledge. Unexpectedly, parental knowledge was negatively correlated with children\u2019s onset age of myopia (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.002, <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22120.165) and positively correlated with spectacles wearing (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.014, <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.131), and no correlation was found between parental knowledge and the occurrence of children myopia, current diopter, annual myopia progression and the diopter of the first glasses (all <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;gt;\u20090.05). We found discordance phenomenon between parents\u2019 knowledge and children\u2019s behaviors, with parental knowledge being irrelevant to children\u2019s sleeping time (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.159, <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.069), the frequency of lying reading (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.462, <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22120.036) and keeping nutrition diet (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.142, <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.072), and positively correlated with daily homework time (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.012, <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.123). After the outbreak of COVID-19, 77.8% (329\/423) of parents admitted that their children\u2019s daily routine had been changed, with children spending more time on sleeping (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001) and electronic products (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001), and taking less time to do outdoor activities (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The ideal interaction mode that establishing positive impact between parental knowledge and children practice has not been reached in China, which might be the result of insufficient parents\u2019 cognition and discordance phenomenon between parental knowledge and children\u2019s behaviors. The pandemic of COVID-19 has obviously changed children\u2019s daily routine. More efforts should be made to narrow the gap between knowledge and behaviors of myopia control, and stay alert to the potential increased risk of myopia during COVID-19.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1344188","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,12]],"date-time":"2024-06-12T04:21:38Z","timestamp":1718166098000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The gap between parental knowledge and children practice of myopia control and challenge under COVID-19: a web-based survey in China"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Hao","family":"Yuan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huibin","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuemin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1739","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60272-4","article-title":"Myopia","volume":"379","author":"Morgan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet (London, England)"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.01.006","article-title":"Global prevalence of myopia and high myopia and temporal trends from 2000 through 2050","volume":"123","author":"Holden","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-1313.2011.00884.x","article-title":"Worldwide prevalence and risk factors for myopia","volume":"32","author":"Pan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol. 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