{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T16:29:35Z","timestamp":1753892975602,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,9]],"date-time":"2024-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715212800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The COVID-19 pandemic caused a global shortage of nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs, required for RT-PCR testing. Canadian manufacturers were contacted to share NP swab innovations. The primary objective was to determine whether novel NP test swabs were comparable to commercially available swabs regarding user characteristics, ability to collect a specimen, and diagnostic performance using RT-PCR testing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants were randomized by swab (test\/control) and nostril (left\/right). A calculated positive percent agreement \u226590% was considered successful. Mean Ct values of viral genes and housekeeping gene (RNase P) were considered similar if a Ct difference\u2009\u2264\u20092 between control and test group was obtained. There also was a qualitative assessment of swabs usability.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>647 participants were enrolled from Huaycan Hospital in Lima, Peru, distributed over 8 NP swabs brands. Seven brands agreed to share their results. There were no statistically significant differences between the test swabs of these 7 brands and control swabs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>All the seven brands are comparable to the commercially available flocked swabs used for SARS-CoV-2 regarding test results agreement, ability to collect a specimen, and user characteristics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1344295","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,9]],"date-time":"2024-05-09T04:54:32Z","timestamp":1715230472000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Original article: novelty of Canadian manufacture nasopharyngeal swabs for collection of samples being tested for SARS-CoV-2 in a pandemic setting"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Sandra","family":"Palomino-Padilla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guillermo","family":"Caceres-Cardenas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Calderon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alex C-T.","family":"Ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lauren","family":"Garnett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaylie","family":"Doan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Chong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hammerly","family":"Lino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tatiana","family":"Caceres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Teodor","family":"Veres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudia C.","family":"Dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Birgit","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cesar","family":"Ugarte-Gil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,9]]},"reference":[{"year":"2022","key":"ref1"},{"year":"","key":"ref2"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2020.05.001","article-title":"A systematic review of asymptomatic infections with COVID-19","volume":"54","author":"Gao","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Microbiol Immunol Infect"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.3390\/v13020202","article-title":"COVID-19: a review on the novel coronavirus disease evolution, transmission, detection, control and prevention","volume":"13","author":"Sharma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"year":"2020","key":"ref5"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106977","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2022.106977","article-title":"CFD based analysis of 3D printed nasopharyngeal swabs for COVID-19 diagnostics","volume":"223","author":"Singh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Comput Methods Prog Biomed"},{"year":"2020","key":"ref7"},{"year":"","key":"ref8"},{"year":"","key":"ref9"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2020.5680","article-title":"Design and multicenter clinical validation of a 3-dimensionally printed nasopharyngeal swab for SARS-CoV-2 testing","volume":"147","author":"Tay","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11061091","article-title":"Viral dynamics and real-time RT-PCR Ct values correlation with disease severity in COVID-19","volume":"11","author":"Rabaan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1007\/s10527-021-10120-z","article-title":"Comparison of the physical properties and effectiveness of medical swabs for sampling biomaterials","volume":"55","author":"Kashapov","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed Eng"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-021-06534-5","article-title":"Clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of inconclusive results in SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR assays","volume":"21","author":"Lim","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e38","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp2015897","article-title":"False negative tests for SARS-CoV-2 infection\u2014challenges and implications","volume":"383","author":"Woloshin","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2020.115257","article-title":"Prospective clinical validation of 3D printed nasopharyngeal swabs for diagnosis of COVID-19","volume":"99","author":"Oland","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2100039","DOI":"10.1002\/gch2.202100039","article-title":"On-site, on-demand 3D-printed nasopharyngeal swabs to improve the access of coronavirus Disease-19 testing","volume":"5","author":"Song","year":"2021","journal-title":"Glob Chall"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1752","DOI":"10.3390\/v13091752","article-title":"Clinical evaluation of in-house-produced 3D-printed nasopharyngeal swabs for COVID-19 testing","volume":"13","author":"Grandjean Lapierre","year":"2021","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3033","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1437","article-title":"3D printing in medicine: coronavirus disease 2019 testing with 3D printed nasopharyngeal swabs","volume":"73","author":"Rybicki","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00876","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00876-20","article-title":"Open development and clinical validation of multiple 3D-printed nasopharyngeal collection swabs: rapid resolution of a critical COVID-19 testing bottleneck","volume":"58","author":"Callahan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Public Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1344295\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,9]],"date-time":"2024-05-09T04:54:35Z","timestamp":1715230475000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1344295\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,9]]},"references-count":19,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1344295"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1344295","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2565"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2296-2565"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,9]]},"article-number":"1344295"}}