{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T21:14:08Z","timestamp":1776114848829,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]],"date-time":"2024-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>For many infectious diseases, women are at higher risk and have a more severe disease course than men for many reasons, including biological differences, social inequalities, and restrictive cultural norms. The study focuses on infections with human papillomaviruses (HPV) in the form of cervical cancer as a gender-specific disease. The main goal is to evaluate cervical tumour incidence trends in the Czech female population in the HPV vaccination period 2012\u20132020 in relation to selected demographic, socioeconomic, and geographic indicators.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is a retrospective ecological study. Data from publicly available databases about the incidence and mortality of cervical tumours (C53 Malignant neoplasm of cervix uteri, D06 Carcinoma <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic> of cervix uteri according to ICD 10) and HPV vaccination rate were analysed and compared with demographic, socioeconomic and territorial data. Associations were searched using correlation analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There was a decreasing trend in the incidence of cervical cancer in the observed period. Regarding cervical tumours (C53, D06) and malignant neoplasm of cervix uteri incidence (C53), the decrease was approximately 11 and 20%, respectively. Differences between regions were observed in incidences and vaccination rates. Based on correlation analysis, indicators connected with urban\/rural aspects, such as a share of urban population and population density, were statistically significant. The indicators related to higher cervical cancer incidence are the high unemployment rate of women, the high number of divorces, the high number of abortions, the high share of the urban population, the high number of students, and the high number of women with only primary education. On the other hand, the indicators related to lower cervical cancer incidence are the high gross domestic product (GDP), the high average gross monthly wage per employee, the high employment rate of women, the higher average age of mothers at birth, and the high number of women with tertiary education.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Results underline the problem of economically disadvantaged regions and families. Increasing vaccination rates, promoting regular screening for cervical cancer, and supporting awareness in the population, especially in regions with higher incidence rates, should be priorities for public health efforts.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1347800","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]],"date-time":"2024-05-15T05:10:33Z","timestamp":1715749833000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Trends of cervical tumours amongst women from perspectives of demographic, socioeconomic and geographic indicators: retrospective ecological study in Czechia"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Ondrej","family":"Holy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ondrej","family":"Machaczka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tereza","family":"Schovankova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Navratilova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jarmila","family":"Zimmermannova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Romana","family":"Klasterecka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiri","family":"Vevoda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.1998.tb00001.x","article-title":"Incorporating gender in the anthropology of infectious diseases","volume":"3","author":"Vlassoff","year":"1998","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2041","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-09834-0_34","article-title":"Infectious disease epidemiology","volume-title":"Handbook of epidemiology","author":"Straif-Bourgeois","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1965","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1011.040800","article-title":"Women and infectious diseases","volume":"10","author":"Gerberding","year":"2004","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmni.2018.05.010","article-title":"Sex and bacterial infectious diseases","volume":"26","author":"Mege","year":"2018","journal-title":"New Microbes New Infect"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.698121","article-title":"Sexual dimorphism and gender in infectious diseases","volume":"12","author":"Gay","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/752852","article-title":"Pregnancy and susceptibility to infectious diseases","volume":"2013","author":"Sappenfield","year":"2013","journal-title":"Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2020.03.002","article-title":"A review of cervical Cancer: incidence and disparities","volume":"112","author":"Buskwofie","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Natl Med Assoc"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a010166","article-title":"Mathematical model for the natural history of human papillomavirus infection and cervical carcinogenesis","volume":"151","author":"Myers","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.16.1.1-17.2003","article-title":"Human papillomavirus and cervical cancer","volume":"16","author":"Burd","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1080\/01443615.2019.1634030","article-title":"Human papillomavirus and cervical cancer","volume":"40","author":"Okunade","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"ref11","unstructured":"Fact sheet: Cervical cancer2022"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2084","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02178-4","article-title":"The effects of the national HPV vaccination programme in England, UK, on cervical cancer and grade 3 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia incidence: a register-based observational study","volume":"398","author":"Falcaro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-018-1098-3","article-title":"Efficacy, effectiveness and safety of vaccination against human papillomavirus in males: a systematic review","volume":"16","author":"Harder","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2022.102467","article-title":"HPV vaccination and HPV-related malignancies: impact, strategies and optimizations toward global immunization coverage","volume":"111","author":"Giannone","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Treat Rev"},{"key":"ref15","unstructured":"COVID-19 pandemic fuels largest continued backslide in vaccinations in three decades2022"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cegh.2019.12.012","article-title":"Prevalence of HPV infection in reproductive aged female in Delhi NCR region","volume":"8","author":"Kapoor","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Epidemiology Glob Health"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckab049","article-title":"Joint effects of HPV-related knowledge and socio-demographic factors on HPV testing behaviour among females in Shenzhen","volume":"31","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Pub Health"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1007\/s11670-011-0010-x","article-title":"Incidence and mortality trend of cervical cancer in 11 cancer registries of China. Chin","volume":"23","author":"Lei","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Cancer Res"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2020075","DOI":"10.4178\/epih.e2020075","article-title":"Incidence and mortality of cervical cancer in Vietnam and South Korea (1999-2017)","volume":"42","author":"Tran","year":"2020","journal-title":"Epidemiology Health"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0021913","article-title":"Human papillomavirus genotype distribution in Czech women and men with diseases etiologically linked to HPV","volume":"6","author":"Tachezy","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref21","unstructured":"Vaccination of girls and boys against human papillomaviruses (HPV) prevents the occurrence of a number of serious cancers and protects human lives2018"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1177\/1367493519852476","article-title":"Human papillomavirus vaccination and respect for children\u2019s developing autonomy: results from a European Union wide study","volume":"23","author":"Martakis","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Child Health Care"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.36290\/ped.2021.054","article-title":"Why to vaccinate boys against papillomaviruses?","volume":"22","author":"Tachezy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatrie pro praxis"},{"key":"ref24","unstructured":"ICO\/IARC Information Centre on HPV and Cancer (HPV Information Centre). Human Papillomavirus and Related Diseases in Czechia\n            BruniL\n            AlberoG\n            SerranoB\n            MenaM\n            ColladoJJ\n            G\u00f3mezD\n          2022"},{"key":"ref25","unstructured":"Czechia. Human Papillomavirus and Related Cancers, Fact Sheet 20232023"},{"key":"ref26","unstructured":"Focus on Women and Men \u2013 20222022"},{"key":"ref27","unstructured":"Czech health statistics 20192020"},{"key":"ref28","unstructured":"Epidemiology of malignant tumors in the Czech Republic. Masarykova univerzita\n            Du\u0161ekL\n            Mu\u017e\u00edkJ\n            Kub\u00e1sekM\n            Kopt\u00edkov\u00e1J\n            \u017daloud\u00edkJ\n            VyzulaR\n          2005"},{"key":"ref29","unstructured":"Age Distribution of the Population \u2013 20212022"},{"key":"ref30","unstructured":"Interregional comparison of selected indicators2023"},{"key":"ref31","unstructured":"Public database2023"},{"key":"ref32","unstructured":"Geoportal2010"},{"key":"ref33","unstructured":"Uzbekistan achieves high HPV vaccination coverage against cervical cancer2022"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.50.2001659","article-title":"Human papillomavirus vaccination in the European Union\/European economic area and globally: a moral dilemma","volume":"26","author":"Colzani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Secur"},{"key":"ref35","unstructured":"Human papillomavirus infection: recommended vaccinations. Stockholm2020"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e91698","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0091698","article-title":"The impact of HPV female immunization in Italy: model based predictions","volume":"9","author":"Guzzetta","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines10020256","article-title":"Long-term effects of human papillomavirus vaccination in clinical trials and real-world data: a systematic review","volume":"10","author":"Kurosawa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-13-1138","article-title":"Predictors of participation in preventive health examinations in Austria","volume":"13","author":"Brunner-Ziegler","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"Doc07","DOI":"10.3205\/psm000085","article-title":"The influence of social determinants on the use of prevention and health promotion services: results of a systematic literature review","volume":"9","author":"Jan\u00dfen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychosoc Med"},{"key":"ref40","unstructured":"Statistical Atlas. 2021 Population and housing census2023"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2020.07.055","article-title":"Prophylactic HPV vaccination after conization: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"38","author":"Jentschke","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1835","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2019.1697596","article-title":"Adolescent HPV vaccination: empowerment, equity and ethics","volume":"16","author":"Sundaram","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hum Vaccin Immunother"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-16-0877","article-title":"A population-based study of sociodemographic and geographic variation in HPV vaccination","volume":"26","author":"Finney Rutten","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Public Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1347800\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]],"date-time":"2024-05-15T05:10:38Z","timestamp":1715749838000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1347800\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]]},"references-count":43,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1347800"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1347800","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2565","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]]},"article-number":"1347800"}}