{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T02:45:17Z","timestamp":1792291517101,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,26]],"date-time":"2024-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711411200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>The single and combined association between brominated flame retardants (BFRs) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) has remained unelucidated. This research aimed at exploring the associations between mixture of BFRs and CVD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This research encompassed adult participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2005\u20132016. The weighted quantile sum (WQS) model and quantile g-computation (QGC) model were applied to examine the combined effects of BFRs mixture on CVD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this research, overall 7,032 individuals were included. In comparison with the lowest quartile, the highest quartile of PBB153 showed a positive association with CVD, with odds ratio (OR) values and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of 19.2 (10.9, 34.0). Furthermore, the acquired data indicated that PBB153 (OR: 1.23; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.49), PBB99 (OR: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.58), and PBB154 (OR: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.63) were linked to congestive heart failure. PBB153 was also related to coronary heart disease (OR: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.56). Additionally, a positive correlation between the BFRs mixture and CVD (positive model: OR: 1.23; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.47) was observed in the weighted quantile sum (WQS) model and the quantile g-computation (QGC) model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Therefore, exposure to BFRs has been observed to heighten the risk of cardiovascular disease in US adults, particularly in the case of PBB153. Further investigation is warranted through a large-scale cohort study to validate and strengthen these findings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1357052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,26]],"date-time":"2024-03-26T04:56:12Z","timestamp":1711428972000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Single and combined association between brominated flame retardants and cardiovascular disease: a large-scale cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Wenhao","family":"Yin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiyu","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaqin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2018.0385","article-title":"The burden of cardiovascular diseases among US states, 1990-2016","volume":"3","author":"Roth","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1736","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(18)32203-7","article-title":"Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality for 282 causes of death in 195 countries and territories, 1980-2017: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2017","volume":"392","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2314","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.115.008718","article-title":"Ezzati M. 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