{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T17:53:17Z","timestamp":1784915597231,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]],"date-time":"2024-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714521600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Families of children with congenital heart disease (CHD) face tremendous stressors in the process of coping with the disease, which threatens the health of families of children with CHD. Studies have shown that nursing interventions focusing on family stress management can improve parents\u2019 ability to cope with illness and promote family health. At present, there is no measuring tool for family stressors of CHD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The items of the scale were generated through qualitative interviews and a literature review. Initial items were evaluated by seven experts to determine content validity. Factor analysis and reliability testing were conducted with a convenience sample of 670 family members. The criterion-related validity of the scale was calculated using scores on the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The CHD Children\u2019s Family Stressor Scale consisted of six dimensions and 41 items. In the exploratory factor analysis, the cumulative explained variance of the six factors was 61.085%. In the confirmatory factor analysis, the six factors in the EFA were well validated, indicating that the model fits well. The correlation coefficient between CHD Children\u2019s Family Stressor Scale and SAS was <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.504 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001), which indicated that the criterion-related validity of the scale was good. In the reliability test, Cronbach\u2019s \u03b1 coefficients of six sub-scales were 0.774\u20130.940, and the scale-level Cronbach\u2019s \u03b1 coefficient value was 0.945.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study indicates that the CHD Children\u2019s Family Stressor Scale is valid and reliable, and it is recommended for use in clinical practice to assess CHD children\u2019s family stressors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1365089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]],"date-time":"2024-05-01T05:00:49Z","timestamp":1714539649000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Development and validation of a questionnaire to measure the congenital heart disease of children\u2019s family stressor"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Yi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yangjuan","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhisong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanjiao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiulan","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingfang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lan","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyz009","article-title":"Global birth prevalence of congenital heart defects 1970-2017: updated systematic review and meta-analysis of 260 studies","volume":"48","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.4070\/kcj.2020.0216","article-title":"Global burden of congenital heart disease: experience in Korea as a potential solution to the problem","volume":"50","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Korean Circulation J"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.046822","article-title":"US mortality attributable to congenital heart disease across the lifespan from 1999 through 2017 exposes persistent racial\/ethnic disparities","volume":"142","author":"Lopez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(19)30402-X","article-title":"GBD 2017 Congenital Heart Disease Collaborators. 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