{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T17:02:11Z","timestamp":1783443731041,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,4]],"date-time":"2024-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712188800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Family caregivers play a critical role in supporting the recovery journeys of their loved ones, yet the recovery journeys of family caregivers have not been well-explored. Using a Participatory Action Research approach, we explore the personal recovery journeys of family caregivers for individuals with mental illness. This case study involved piloting and exploring the impact of a novel online workshop series offered to mental health caregivers at Ontario Shores Center for Mental Health Sciences. Recovery courses and workshops conventionally engage patients living with mental health conditions. In the current case, the recovery model is adapted to the needs and experiences of their family caregivers, resulting in a pilot workshop series called \u201cWe Care Well\u201d. Through participant-led discussions, interactive and take-home activities, and experiential learning, caregivers co-created workshop content and engaged in peer-learning on seven personal recovery-oriented topics. This included: self-care, resilience-building, non-violent communication, storytelling, and mental health advocacy. Throughout the sessions, participants implemented their learnings into their caregiving roles, and shared their experiences with the group to progress through their own recovery journeys. The We Care Well series was found to be an effective intervention to adapt and apply the personal recovery framework to mental health caregivers. PAR, and co-design are viable approaches to engage caregivers in mental health research, and can facilitate knowledge exchange, as well as relationship building with peers and program facilitators.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1366144","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,4]],"date-time":"2024-04-04T04:26:46Z","timestamp":1712204806000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["We-Care-Well: exploring the personal recovery of mental health caregivers through Participatory Action Research"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Tyler","family":"Redublo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sayani","family":"Paul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anahita","family":"Joshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Arbour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ross","family":"Murray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Chiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.4103\/0253-7176.155605","article-title":"Recovery model of mental illness: a complementary approach to psychiatric care","volume":"37","author":"Jacob","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian J Psychol Med."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1037\/h0095655","article-title":"Recovery from mental illness: the guiding vision of the mental health service system in the 1990s","volume":"16","author":"Anthony","year":"1993","journal-title":"Psychosoc Rehabil J."},{"key":"B3","unstructured":"Global State of Caring"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1080\/00222216.2001.11949929","article-title":"Caregivers at risk?: Changes in leisure participation","volume":"33","author":"Dunn","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Leis Res."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1177\/0164027512446028","article-title":"An uneven burden: social disparities in adult caregiving responsibilities, working conditions, and caregiver outcomes","volume":"35","author":"Lahaie","year":"2013","journal-title":"Res Aging."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0003-066X.42.2.130","article-title":"Women and gender in research on work and family stress","volume":"42","author":"Baruch","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am Psychol."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1446.2000.00025.x","article-title":"Gender issues and japanese family-centered caregiving for frail elderly parents or parents-in-law in modern Japan: from the sociocultural and historical perspectives","volume":"17","author":"Hashizume","year":"2000","journal-title":"Public Health Nurs."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1177\/0164027599214001","article-title":"Effect of giving care on caregivers' health","volume":"21","author":"Haug","year":"1999","journal-title":"Res Aging."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.2307\/585397","article-title":"Factors related to the well-being and life activities of family caregivers","volume":"41","author":"Hoyert","year":"1992","journal-title":"Fam Relat."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(91)90144-2","article-title":"Aging and disability in China: cultural issues in measurement and interpretation","volume":"32","author":"Ikels","year":"1991","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med."},{"key":"B11","first-page":"381","article-title":"Stress dimensions among caregivers of the elderly","volume":"106","author":"Jamuna","year":"1997","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(02)00582-2","article-title":"Caregiving and risk of coronary heart disease in US women: a prospective study","volume":"24","author":"Lee","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1093\/ssjj\/3.1.21","article-title":"Gender and elder care: social change and the role of the caregiver in Japan","volume":"3","author":"Long","year":"2000","journal-title":"Soc Sci Jpn J."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.2307\/353788","article-title":"The stress of caring for a parent: effects of the elder's impairment on an employed, adult child","volume":"59","author":"Starrels","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Marriage Fam."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1007\/s10597-022-00948-4","article-title":"Factors associated with quality of life in relatives of adults with serious mental illness: a systematic review","volume":"58","author":"Lima-Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Community Ment Health J."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1007\/s10597-010-9315-3","article-title":"The pain and the possibility: the family recovery process","volume":"46","author":"Spaniol","year":"2010","journal-title":"Community Ment Health J."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1007\/s10597-015-9880-6","article-title":"Family recovery","volume":"51","author":"Spaniol","year":"2015","journal-title":"Community Ment Health J."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732312443736","article-title":"Journey as destination: a recovery model for families affected by concurrent disorders","volume":"22","author":"O'Grady","year":"2012","journal-title":"Qual Health Res."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpsy.2022.01.006","article-title":"\u201cWhat if you listened to and involved the caregivers?\u201d \u2013 Experiences and needs amongst caregivers involved with mentally disordered offenders and mental health services","volume":"36","author":"M\u00f8llerh\u00f8j","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Psychiatry."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1111\/hsc.13079","article-title":"Well-being and needs of Malay carers of people with mental illness in Singapore","volume":"29","author":"Poon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Health Soc Care Community."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1002\/capr.12513","article-title":"Being held through pain: an interpretative phenomenological analysis of experiences of receiving a peer support intervention for family members of individuals with mental illness","volume":"22","author":"Reynolds","year":"2022","journal-title":"Couns Psychother Res."},{"key":"B22","unstructured":"SladeM\n          CambridgeCambridge University PressPersonal Recovery and Mental Illness: A Guide for Mental Health Professionals2009"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.3855","article-title":"Development of a framework for recovery in older people with mental disorder","volume":"28","author":"Daley","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry."},{"key":"B24","author":"Perkins","year":"2018","journal-title":"Recovery Colleges 10 Years On. Implementing Recovery Through Organisational Change (ImROC)"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201800283","article-title":"Mechanisms of action and outcomes for students in recovery colleges","volume":"69","author":"Toney","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.110.083733","article-title":"Conceptual framework for personal recovery in mental health: systematic review and narrative synthesis","volume":"199","author":"Leamy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.202000223","article-title":"The importance of personal recovery and perceived recovery support among service users with psychosis","volume":"72","author":"Skar-Fr\u00f6ding","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635514","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.635514","article-title":"Targeting personal recovery of people with complex mental health needs: the development of a psychosocial intervention through user-centered design","volume":"12","author":"van der Meer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e15572","DOI":"10.2196\/15572","article-title":"Peer support in mental health: literature review","volume":"7","author":"Shalaby","year":"2020","journal-title":"JMIR Ment Health."},{"key":"B30","unstructured":"Security Guide2016"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2004.028662","article-title":"Participatory action research","volume":"60","author":"Fran","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203107386","volume-title":"Participatory Action Research: Theory and Methods for Engaged Inquiry","author":"Chevalier","year":"2013"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.4324\/9781351033268","volume-title":"Participatory Action Research: Theory and Methods for Engaged Inquiry","author":"Chevalier","year":"2019"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1747252","DOI":"10.1080\/17482631.2020.1747252","article-title":"A narrative study of mental health recovery: exploring unique, open-ended and collective processes","volume":"15","author":"Reed","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Qual Stud Health Wellbeing."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139167017","volume-title":"Healing Dramas and Clinical Plots: The Narrative Structure of Experience","author":"Mattingly","year":"1998"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2516.1998.440335.x","article-title":"Nonviolent (empathic) communication for health care providers","volume":"4","author":"Lee","year":"1998","journal-title":"Haemophilia."},{"key":"B37","article-title":"Self-compassion and psychological well-being","volume-title":"The Oxford Handbook of Compassion Science","author":"Neff","year":"2017"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1080\/0968759032000080986","article-title":"In the frame: photovoice and mothers with learning difficulties","volume":"18","author":"Booth","year":"2003","journal-title":"Disabil Soc."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.60.5.410","article-title":"Positive psychology progress: empirical validation of interventions","volume":"60","author":"Seligman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am Psychol."},{"key":"B40","unstructured":"KowalenkoT\n          Create Your Own Wellness Toolbox. Canadian Mental Health Association (CMHA)2018"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e313","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.7896","article-title":"Components and outcomes of internet-based interventions for caregivers of older adults: systematic review","volume":"19","author":"Guay","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2393","DOI":"10.1177\/1471301221997281","article-title":"Use of participatory action research approach to develop a self-management resource for persons living with dementia","volume":"20","author":"Dupuis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dementia."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2010.03.005","article-title":"Gratitude and well-being: A review and theoretical integration","volume":"30","author":"Wood","year":"2010","journal-title":"Posit Clin Psychol."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1111\/scs.12623","article-title":"The association between gratitude and burden in Australian mental health carers: a cross-sectional study","volume":"33","author":"Stomski","year":"2019","journal-title":"Scand J Caring Sci."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1080\/00048670802050579","article-title":"\u2018Stealing me from myself': identity and recovery in personal accounts of mental illness","volume":"42","author":"Wisdom","year":"2008","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Psychiatry."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/30.5.583","article-title":"Caregiving and the stress process: an overview of concepts and their measures","volume":"30","author":"Pearlin","year":"1990","journal-title":"Gerontologist."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1111\/nuf.12406","article-title":"Role captivity: a concept of constraining dimensions in dementia care","volume":"55","author":"Parkman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nurs Forum."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1080\/13607860500311953","article-title":"The relation of entrapment, shame and guilt to depression, in carers of people with dementia","volume":"10","author":"Martin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Aging Ment Health."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S514","DOI":"10.4103\/psychiatry.IndianJPsychiatry_42_18","article-title":"Group interventions","volume":"60","author":"Ezhumalai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian J Psychiatry"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"926981","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.926981","article-title":"Self-report measures assessing aspects of personal recovery in relatives and other informal carers of those with psychosis: a systematic review","volume":"13","author":"Hilton","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Psychol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Public Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1366144\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,4]],"date-time":"2024-04-04T04:26:53Z","timestamp":1712204813000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1366144\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,4]]},"references-count":50,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1366144"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1366144","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2565","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,4]]},"article-number":"1366144"}}