{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T12:44:32Z","timestamp":1793105072288,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,22]],"date-time":"2024-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716336000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Life satisfaction has been determined as a cognitive indicator of subjective wellbeing, a term that acquires vital relevance during adolescence as a protective factor against numerous psychological, mental and social disorders. Therefore, the objectives of this study are: (1) to evaluate differences in life satisfaction as a function of gender and school environment in Spanish children and adolescents; and (2) examine the possible associations between life satisfaction and age and\/or body mass index (BMI) of the student body. For this purpose, a cross-sectional study was carried out with 723 students (aged 6 to 18\u2009years) in which the \u201cSatisfaction with life Scale\u201d was applied, consisting of 5 items that measure self-perception of life satisfaction. Nonparametric statistics (Mann\u2013Whitney <jats:italic>U<\/jats:italic> test) were used to explore differences in scores according to sex and school environment, in addition to Spearman\u2019s Rho test to identify associations between scale scores and students\u2019 age and BMI. Significant differences were obtained in terms of sex in favor of the male gender, and between the two environments of the centers in favor of the rural ones. In addition, the two variables explored (age and BMI) showed significant inverse associations with life satisfaction levels. Therefore, educational interventions and policies must take this information into account to design and develop actions aimed at improving this cognitive factor.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1370118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,22]],"date-time":"2024-05-22T04:49:35Z","timestamp":1716353375000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Life satisfaction among Spanish children and adolescents participating in Physical Education"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Santiago","family":"G\u00f3mez-Paniagua","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Castillo-Paredes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Gal\u00e1n-Arroyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Rojo-Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-020-01423-y","article-title":"Well-being is more than happiness and life satisfaction: a multidimensional analysis of 21 countries","volume":"18","author":"Ruggeri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.95.3.542","article-title":"Subjective well-being","volume":"95","author":"Diener","year":"1984","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa4901_13","article-title":"The satisfaction with life scale","volume":"49","author":"Diener","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Pers Assess"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"22","article-title":"Bienestar social, Satisfacci\u00f3n de la vida y Caracter\u00edsticas personales de violencia","volume":"23","author":"N\u00fa\u00f1ez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vertientes Rev Espec En Cienc Salud"},{"key":"ref5","volume-title":"The study of life-satisfaction","author":"Veenhoven","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1758-0854.2009.01008.x","article-title":"Psychological well-being: evidence regarding its causes and consequences\u2020","volume":"1","author":"Huppert","year":"2009","journal-title":"Appl Psychol Health Well-Being"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.54.101601.145056","article-title":"Personality, culture, and subjective well-being: emotional and cognitive evaluations of life","volume":"54","author":"Diener","year":"2003","journal-title":"Annu Rev Psychol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1007\/s11205-010-9584-9","article-title":"Life satisfaction across the lifespan: findings from two nationally representative panel studies","volume":"99","author":"Baird","year":"2010","journal-title":"Soc Indic Res"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1111\/ecoj.12256","article-title":"Longitudinal evidence for a midlife nadir in human well-being: results from four data sets","volume":"127","author":"Cheng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Econ J"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.08.042","article-title":"Sliding down the U-shape? A dynamic panel investigation of the age-well-being relationship, focusing on young adults","volume":"143","author":"Piper","year":"2015","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691620902428","article-title":"The U shape of happiness across the life course: expanding the discussion","volume":"15","author":"Galambos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Perspect Psychol Sci"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2018.06.004","article-title":"Puberty and the human brain: insights into adolescent development","volume":"92","author":"Vijayakumar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2030","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31013-X","article-title":"Adolescence and mental health","volume":"393","author":"Blakemore","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1007\/s11205-015-0867-z","article-title":"Gender differences in happiness and life satisfaction among adolescents in Hong Kong: relationships and self-concept","volume":"125","author":"Chui","year":"2016","journal-title":"Soc Indic Res"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1037\/pspp0000294","article-title":"Life satisfaction trajectories during adolescence and the transition to young adulthood: findings from a longitudinal study of Mexican-origin youth","volume":"120","author":"Willroth","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2921","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-013-0427-4","article-title":"Self-esteem and life satisfaction in adolescents\u2014gender and age as potential moderators","volume":"22","author":"Moksnes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.14689\/ejer.2015.60.7","article-title":"Perceived social support, depression and life satisfaction as the predictor of the resilience of secondary school students: the case of Burdur","volume":"15","author":"Baltac\u0131","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eurasian J Educ Res"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mhpa.2013.06.006","article-title":"Depressed adolescents treated with exercise (DATE): a pilot randomized controlled trial to test feasibility and establish preliminary effect sizes","volume":"6","author":"Hughes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ment Health Phys Act"},{"key":"ref19","first-page":"614","article-title":"Analysis of motivational profiles of satisfaction and importance of physical education in high school adolescents","volume":"11","author":"Granero-Gallegos","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Sports Sci Med"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1007\/s11482-015-9394-y","article-title":"Academic characteristics of early adolescents with higher levels of life satisfaction","volume":"11","author":"Lyons","year":"2016","journal-title":"Appl Res Qual Life"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1123\/jpah.9.3.394","article-title":"Physical activity, gender, weight status, and wellbeing in 9- to 11-year-old children: a cross-sectional survey","volume":"9","author":"Breslin","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Phys Act Health"},{"key":"ref22","first-page":"1190","article-title":"Measuring self-reported, health-related, quality of life in adolescents with type 1 diabetes using both generic and disease-specific instruments","volume":"2003","author":"Graue","year":"1992","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr Oslo Nor"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"14","article-title":"Others life satisfaction of youth residing in rural and urban areas: a comparative study","author":"Sharma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Indian J Posit Psychol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bodyim.2022.10.007","article-title":"Rural-urban differences in body appreciation and associations with life satisfaction in adults from Sabah, Malaysia","volume":"43","author":"Swami","year":"2022","journal-title":"Body Image"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2663","DOI":"10.1002\/jcop.22443","article-title":"Health-related quality of life in Chinese rural-to-urban migrants: investigating the roles of working conditions and job satisfaction","volume":"48","author":"Liang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Community Psychol"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00126815","DOI":"10.1590\/0102-311X00126815","article-title":"Estressores Psicossociais, Senso de Comunidade e Bem-Estar Subjetivo Em Crian\u00e7as e Adolescentes de Zonas Urbanas e Rurais Do Nordeste Do Brasil","volume":"32","author":"Abreu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cad Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2695","DOI":"10.22605\/RRH2695","article-title":"Stress and wellbeing among Turkish and German adolescents living in rural and urban areas","volume":"14","author":"Yeresyan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rural Remote Health"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.110.S1.236","article-title":"Management of Child and Adolescent Obesity: summary and recommendations based on reports from pediatricians, pediatric nurse practitioners, and registered dietitians","volume":"110","author":"Barlow","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1186\/s12875-021-01562-1","article-title":"Somatic complaints as a mediator in the association between body mass index and quality of life in children and adolescents","volume":"22","author":"Hassan","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Fam Pract"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-018-2079-x","article-title":"Perceived social support from teachers and classmates does not moderate the inverse association between body mass index and health-related quality of life in adolescents","volume":"28","author":"Lebacq","year":"2019","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2008.268","article-title":"Depression and anxiety among US adults: associations with body mass index","volume":"33","author":"Zhao","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1080\/00131911.2018.1483894","article-title":"A review of the empirical research on weight-based bullying and peer victimisation published between 2006 and 2016","volume":"72","author":"Thompson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Educ Rev"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1177\/0002716203260078","article-title":"The role of subjective well-being in positive youth development","volume":"591","author":"Park","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Am Acad Pol Soc Sci"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1521\/scpq.18.2.192.21858","article-title":"A review of life satisfaction research with children and adolescents","volume":"18","author":"Gilman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Sch Psychol Q"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1007\/s12187-014-9282-2","article-title":"Subjective well-being measures tested with 12-year-olds in Israel","volume":"8","author":"Gross-Manos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Child Indic Res"},{"key":"ref36","volume-title":"M\u00e9todos de investigaci\u00f3n","author":"Salkind","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref37","first-page":"314","article-title":"Propiedades Psicom\u00e9tricas de La Escala de Satisfacci\u00f3n Con La Vida En Adolescentes","volume":"12","author":"Atienza","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psicothema"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203771587","volume-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"Cohen","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.33881\/2011-7191.mct.08111","article-title":"Uso De La Correlaci\u00f3n De Spearman En Un Estudio De Intervenci\u00f3n En Fisioterapia","volume":"8","author":"Mondrag\u00f3n Barrera","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mov Cient\u00edfico"},{"key":"ref40","first-page":"3","article-title":"Elements of statistical description and estimation","author":"Nunnally","year":"1994","journal-title":"Psychom Theory"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-007-9205-5","article-title":"Life satisfaction decreases during adolescence","volume":"16","author":"Goldbeck","year":"2007","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"key":"ref42","first-page":"33","article-title":"Ocio deportivo, imagen corporal y satisfacci\u00f3n vital en j\u00f3venes espa\u00f1oles","volume":"25","author":"Fraguela Vale","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev Psicol Deporte"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.25115\/psye.v2i1.435","article-title":"Percepciones de autoevaluaci\u00f3n: Autoestima, autoeficacia y satisfacci\u00f3n vital en la adolescencia","volume":"2","author":"Reina Flores M Del","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychol Soc Educ"},{"key":"ref44","first-page":"22","article-title":"Los valores y su influencia en la satisfacci\u00f3n vital de los adolescentes entre los 12 y los 16 a\u00f1os: estudio de algunos correlatos","author":"Aznar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Apunt Psicol"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.6018\/analesps.29.1.132401","article-title":"Autoconcepto F\u00edsico, Percepci\u00f3n de Salud y Satisfacci\u00f3n Vital En Una Muestra de Adolescentes","volume":"29","author":"Videra-Garc\u00eda","year":"2013","journal-title":"An Psicol"},{"key":"ref46","first-page":"429","article-title":"Cardiorespiratory fitness, happiness and satisfaction with life among Spanish adolescents","volume":"22","author":"Jim\u00e9nez-Moral","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rev. Psicol. Deporte"},{"key":"ref47","first-page":"112","article-title":"Objetivos de Vida y Satisfacci\u00f3n Vital En Adolescentes Espa\u00f1oles y Argentinos","volume":"14","author":"Castro-Solano","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psicothema"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1177\/0143034301223008","article-title":"Environmental events and life satisfaction reports of adolescents: a test of cognitive mediation","volume":"22","author":"Ash","year":"2001","journal-title":"Sch Psychol Int"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1007\/s11205-007-9133-3","article-title":"Gender differences in subjective well-being: comparing societies with respect to gender equality","volume":"85","author":"Tesch-R\u00f6mer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Soc Indic Res"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1177\/000312240607100401","article-title":"The growing female advantage in college completion: the role of family background and academic achievement","volume":"71","author":"Buchmann","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am Sociol Rev"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1007\/s12187-020-09788-8","article-title":"A global decline in adolescents\u2019 subjective well-being: a comparative study exploring patterns of change in the life satisfaction of 15-year-old students in 46 countries","volume":"14","author":"Marquez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Child Indic Res"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2014.977767","article-title":"Urban and rural factors associated with life satisfaction among older Chinese adults","volume":"19","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aging Ment Health"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3886","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18083886","article-title":"Comparison of depressive symptoms and its influencing factors among the older adult in urban and rural areas: evidence from the China health and retirement longitudinal study (CHARLS)","volume":"18","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"ref54","first-page":"4227","article-title":"Do urban and rural residents living in Poland differ in their ways of coping with chronic diseases?","volume":"19","author":"Ziarko","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14833","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192214833","article-title":"Homeownership, depression, and life satisfaction in China: the gender and urban-rural disparities","volume":"19","author":"Seo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1007\/s12187-020-09758-0","article-title":"Can schools and education policy make children happier? A comparative study in 33 countries","volume":"14","author":"Marquez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Child Indic Res"},{"key":"ref57","volume-title":"Children\u2019s views on their lives and well-being in 15 countries: An initial report on the Children\u2019s Worlds survey, 2013\u201314","author":"Rees","year":""},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.14301\/llcs.v9i4.509","article-title":"A cohort analysis of subjective wellbeing and ageing: heading towards a midlife crisis?","volume":"9","author":"Otterbach","year":"2018","journal-title":"Longitud Life Course Stud"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211808","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.211808","article-title":"Trajectories of adolescent life satisfaction","volume":"9","author":"Orben","year":"2022","journal-title":"R Soc Open Sci"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2347","DOI":"10.1007\/s12187-021-09846-9","article-title":"The evolution of life satisfaction throughout childhood and adolescence: differences in young People\u2019s evaluations according to age and gender","volume":"14","author":"Aymerich","year":"2021","journal-title":"Child Indic Res"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1007\/s11205-011-9903-9","article-title":"The role of domain satisfaction in explaining the paradoxical association between life satisfaction and age","volume":"109","author":"McAdams","year":"2012","journal-title":"Soc Indic Res"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1111\/camh.12239","article-title":"Determinants of life satisfaction in Iranian children and adolescents: the CASPIAN-IV study","volume":"23","author":"Kelishadi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Child Adolesc Ment Health"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1007\/s12187-019-09703-w","article-title":"The evolution of positive and negative affect in a longitudinal sample of children and adolescents","volume":"13","author":"Casas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Child Indic Res"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2008.01.004","article-title":"Stress, sensitive periods and maturational events in adolescent depression","volume":"31","author":"Andersen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/s10902-016-9717-1","article-title":"Changes with age in subjective well-being through the adolescent years: differences by gender","volume":"18","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Carrasco","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Happiness Stud"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3106","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17093106","article-title":"The relationship between weight status, health-related quality of life, and life satisfaction in a sample of Spanish adolescents","volume":"17","author":"Baile","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-014-0757-x","article-title":"Association between body mass index and perceived weight status with self-rated health and life satisfaction in Iranian children and adolescents: the CASPIAN-III study","volume":"24","author":"Heshmat","year":"2015","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"key":"ref68","first-page":"281","article-title":"Body mass, self-esteem and life satisfaction in adolescents aged 13-15 years","volume":"11","author":"Tabak","year":"2007","journal-title":"Med Wieku Rozwoj"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17041387","article-title":"The influence of physical activity, diet, weight status and substance abuse on students\u2019 self-perceived health","volume":"17","author":"Moral-Garc\u00eda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Public Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1370118\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,22]],"date-time":"2024-05-22T04:49:47Z","timestamp":1716353387000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1370118\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,22]]},"references-count":69,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1370118"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1370118","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2565","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,22]]},"article-number":"1370118"}}