{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,6]],"date-time":"2025-12-06T16:49:06Z","timestamp":1765039746252,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,19]],"date-time":"2024-04-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713484800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The COVID-19 pandemic has presented new challenges to adhering to ART, and its influence on adherence and related factors has not been thoroughly studied. This study examines ART adherence and its associated factors during the COVID-19 pandemic.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A cross-sectional study was conducted on HIV-positive individuals receiving care and treatment in public health facilities. A total of 612 participants were selected using a multi-stage sampling procedure. Data were collected through interviewer-administered questionnaires and chart reviews. We used Epi-data for data entry and Stata for data analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Good adherence to antiretroviral therapy in this study was 76.5% (95% CI, 72.9, 79.7). Divorced marital status (AOR\u2009=\u20090.45,95%CI:0.22,0.90), regular follow-up (AOR\u2009=\u20093.01,95%CI:1.81,5.01), adherence counseling and information in the context of COVID-19 pandemic (AOR\u2009=\u20092.57,95%CI:1.63,4.08), and knowledge about ART (AOR\u2009=\u20091.81,95%CI:1.11,2.94) were significantly associated with adherence to antiretroviral therapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The observed adherence rate in this study was lower than the World Health Organization recommendation and previous studies. The study highlighted the importance of addressing adherence to ART among HIV-positive adults during the COVID-19 pandemic and other upcoming emerging and reemerging outbreaks. Strategies to improve adherence should consider factors such as marital status, regular follow-up, provision of counseling and information, and enhancing knowledge about ART.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1380055","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,19]],"date-time":"2024-04-19T04:31:25Z","timestamp":1713501085000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Adherence to antiretroviral therapy and determining factors in adults living with HIV receiving services at public health facilities amidst the COVID-19 crisis in Bahir Dar city, Northwest Ethiopia"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Chalachew Dessie","family":"Gela","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gebiyaw Wudie","family":"Tsegaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Belayneh Fentahun","family":"Shibesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,19]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"HIV Prevention in Ethiopia National Road Map 2018\u20132020","year":"2018","key":"ref1"},{"volume-title":"Consolidated guidelines on the use of antiretroviral drugs for treating and preventing HIV infection: Recommendations for a public health approach","year":"2016","key":"ref2"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2244","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-020-02871-9","article-title":"The burden of COVID-19 in people living with HIV: a syndemic perspective","volume":"24","author":"Shiau","year":"2020","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"volume-title":"ESSP Working Paper 141","year":"2020","author":"Baye","key":"ref4"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2239","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-020-02870-w","article-title":"Maximizing digital interventions for youth in the midst of COVID-19: lessons from the adolescent trials network for HIV interventions","volume":"24","author":"Hightow-Weidman","year":"2020","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e4327","DOI":"10.25100\/cm.v51i2.4327","article-title":"COVID-19 and HIV","volume":"51","author":"Posada-Vergara","year":"2020","journal-title":"Colomb Med"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnss.2018.04.008","article-title":"Self reported adherence to antiretroviral treatment and correlates in Hunan province, the Peoples Republic of China","volume":"5","author":"Kipsang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Sci"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1521\/aeap.2014.26.6.521","article-title":"Adherence to antiretroviral therapy among HIV-infected adults in the United States","volume":"26","author":"Beer","year":"2014","journal-title":"AIDS Educ Prev"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.34172\/JCS.2020.014","article-title":"Level of medication adherence and its associated factors among patients receiving antiretroviral therapy at a tertiary care hospital in South India","volume":"9","author":"Sakthivel","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Caring Sci"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21437","DOI":"10.7448\/IAS.20.1.21437","article-title":"High self-reported non-adherence to antiretroviral therapy amongst adolescents living with HIV in Malawi: barriers and associated factors","volume":"20","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.4172\/2155-6113.1000590","article-title":"Adherence to antiretroviral treatment services and associated factors among clients attending ART clinics in hosanna town, southern Ethiopia","volume":"7","author":"Doyore","year":"2016","journal-title":"J AIDS Clin Res"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-018-3176-8","article-title":"Adherence to antiretroviral therapy and associated factors among HIV positive adults attending care and treatment in University of Gondar Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia","volume":"18","author":"Molla","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"volume-title":"Interim Guidance for Provision of HIV Services in the context of COVID-19 Pandemic in Ethiopia","year":"2020","key":"ref13"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2253","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-020-02877-3","article-title":"The virus that changed Spain: impact of COVID-19 on people with HIV","volume":"24","author":"Ballester-Arnal","year":"2020","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.4172\/2155-6113.1000774","article-title":"Adherence to antiretroviral therapy and associated factors among HIV infected patients in Nigist Eleni Mohammed memorial general hospital, Hossana, southern Ethiopia","volume":"9","author":"Billoro","year":"2018","journal-title":"J AIDS Clin Res"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"1","volume-title":"National consolidated guidelines for comprehensive HIV prevention, care and treatment","author":"Ethiopia","year":"2018"},{"volume-title":"National Comprehensive HIV Prevention, Care & Treatment Training for Health care Providers","year":"2019","key":"ref17"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1905","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1984.03350140051025","article-title":"Detecting alcoholism: the CAGE questionnaire","volume":"252","author":"Ewing","year":"1984","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.5455\/GMJ-30-153681","article-title":"Medication adherence and associated factors among patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy in Nekemte hospital, Ethiopia","volume":"20","author":"Ejigu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gazi Med J"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.18415\/ijmmu.v5i5.535","article-title":"Antiretroviral therapy adherence level and associated factors among HIV\/AIDS patients in Jimma zone government health facilities, ART clinics, south-West Ethiopia","volume":"5","author":"Hassen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Multicult Multirelig Understand"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.4314\/ejhs.v29i3.2","article-title":"Adherence to antiretroviral therapy and associated factors among people living with HIV\/AIDS in Hara town and its surroundings, north-eastern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study","volume":"29","author":"Legesse","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ethiop J Health Sci"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.23937\/2469-567X\/1510038","article-title":"Adherence to antiretroviral therapy among adult persons living with HIV\/AIDS in southern Ethiopia","volume":"5","author":"Koyra","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Virol AIDS"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.55320\/mjz.43.4.301","article-title":"Determinants of optimal adherence to antiretroviral therapy among people living with HIV\/AIDS registered for antiretroviral therapy in Zimbabwe","volume":"43","author":"Gonah","year":"2016","journal-title":"Med J Zambia"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.21767\/2472-1093.100032","article-title":"Adherence to antiretroviral therapy and factors affecting among people living with HIV\/AIDS and taking antiretroviral therapy, Dire Dawa town, eastern Ethiopia","volume":"3","author":"Negesa","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Infect Dis Treat"},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"2","article-title":"Factors influencing adherence to antiretroviral therapy among people living with HIV\/AIDS at ART Clinic in Jimma University teaching hospital, Southwest Ethiopia","volume":"1","author":"Abera","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Pharma Reports"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-7051-3","article-title":"Adherence to antiretroviral treatment and associated factors among people living with HIV and AIDS in CHITWAN, Nepal","volume":"19","author":"Neupane","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"16","article-title":"Factors associated with adherence to antiretroviral therapy among people living with HIV infection in West Java Province, Indonesia","volume-title":"Malaysian Journal of Medicine &amp; Health Sciences","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4172\/2155-6113.1000629","article-title":"Antiretroviral therapy: level of adherence and its determinants among patients on treatment in different health facilities. A Cross Sectional Study in Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia","volume":"7","author":"Chaka","year":"2016","journal-title":"J AIDS Clin Res"},{"key":"ref29","first-page":"336","article-title":"Adherence to antiretroviral therapy and associated factors among people living with HIV\/AIDS at Gobba hospital, Southeast Ethiopia: an institutional based study","volume":"23","author":"Lencha","year":"2015","journal-title":"Qual Primary Care"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.2147\/HIV.S79328","article-title":"Assessment of adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy and associated factors among people living with HIV at Debrebrihan referral hospital and health center, Northeast Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study","volume":"7","author":"Ketema","year":"2015","journal-title":"HIV\/AIDS (Auckl)"},{"key":"ref31","first-page":"120","article-title":"Level of ART adherence and associated factors among HIV sero-positive adult on highly active antiretroviral therapy in Debre Markos referral hospital, Northwest Ethiopia","volume":"6","author":"Asmare","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Antivir Antiretrovir"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-4293-8","article-title":"Retention in care and adherence to HIV and AIDS treatment in Anambra state Nigeria","volume":"19","author":"Umeokonkwo","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Public Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1380055\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]],"date-time":"2024-04-24T12:58:24Z","timestamp":1713963504000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1380055\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,19]]},"references-count":32,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1380055"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1380055","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2565"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2296-2565"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,19]]},"article-number":"1380055"}}