{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,29]],"date-time":"2025-11-29T07:40:48Z","timestamp":1764402048004,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]],"date-time":"2024-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727136000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Herein, we report a case of lymphadenitis caused by <jats:italic>Mycobacterium chimaera<\/jats:italic>. A 54-year-old woman with chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm was admitted to the hospital with cervical lymphadenopathy. After preliminary exclusion of various diseases such as lymphoma, Epstein\u2013Barr virus infection, and autoimmune disease, a lymph node biopsy specimen showed epithelioid granulomatous lymphadenitis with caseous necrosis, epithelial-like cells, and multinucleated giant cells as seen in tuberculosis (TB). Although <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> was never isolated, diagnostic anti-TB treatment was commenced. Following over 9\u2009months of treatment, there was no significant reduction in the size of her cervical lymph nodes, and she continued to experience recurrent low-grade fevers. One sample from the fourth lymph node biopsy tested negative for metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS), and another sample tested positive in the BACTEC MGIT960 liquid culture system, identifying the strains as <jats:italic>Mycobacterium chimaera<\/jats:italic>. Anti-non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) therapy was initiated, and the patient achieved symptom improvement. In conclusion, NTM lymphoid infection is easily misdiagnosed as long-term etiologic negativity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1387722","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]],"date-time":"2024-09-24T04:34:02Z","timestamp":1727152442000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Case report: Mycobacterium chimaera-induced lymph node infection in a patient with chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm misdiagnosed as tuberculous lymphadenitis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Yingqian","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chengliang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinling","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2016.08.020","article-title":"The prevalence of non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections in mainland China: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"73","author":"Yu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1900250","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00250-2019","article-title":"Non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease","volume":"54","author":"Cowman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmr.IJMR_902_20","article-title":"Epidemiology, diagnosis & treatment of non-tuberculous mycobacterial diseases","volume":"152","author":"Sharma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2021.100244","article-title":"Approach to the diagnosis and treatment of non-tuberculous mycobacterial disease","volume":"24","author":"Pennington","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Tuberc Other Mycobact Dis"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.02.022","article-title":"Non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections-a neglected and emerging problem","author":"Ahmed","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.10.013","article-title":"Global trends of pulmonary infections with nontuberculous mycobacteria: a systematic review","volume":"125","author":"Dahl","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2310.170845","article-title":"Surveillance of extrapulmonary nontuberculous mycobacteria infections, Oregon, USA, 2007\u20132012","volume":"23","author":"Henkle","year":"2017","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.11772","article-title":"Investigation of non-tuberculous mycobacteria in a primary hospital from southeastern China","volume":"13","author":"Pan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Infect Dev Ctries"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2018.10.003","article-title":"Recent advances in molecular diagnostics and understanding mechanisms of drug resistance in nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases","volume":"72","author":"Huh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-022-01890-z","article-title":"Diagnostic performance of metagenomic next-generation sequencing in non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease when applied to clinical practice","volume":"51","author":"Wei","year":"2023","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2321","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.5.2321-2325.2004","article-title":"Meta-analysis of Bactec Mgit 960 and Bactec 460 Tb, with or without solid media, for detection of mycobacteria","volume":"42","author":"Cruciani","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1125","article-title":"Treatment of nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease: An official Ats\/Ers\/Escmid\/Idsa clinical practice guideline","volume":"71","author":"Daley","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ii1","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2017-210927","article-title":"British thoracic society guidelines for the management of non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (Ntm-Pd)","volume":"72","author":"Haworth","year":"2017","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2018.06.001","article-title":"Acquired and genetic host susceptibility factors and microbial pathogenic factors that predispose to nontuberculous mycobacterial infections","volume":"54","author":"Honda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1205225","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1205225","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of patients with non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease: a seven-year follow-up study conducted in a certain tertiary Hospital in Beijing","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21124351","article-title":"Host immune response and novel diagnostic approach to NTM infections","volume":"21","author":"Abe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00535-2020","article-title":"Treatment of nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease: An official ATS\/ERS\/ESCMID\/IDSA clinical practice guideline","volume":"56","author":"Daley","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Public Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1387722\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]],"date-time":"2024-09-24T04:34:05Z","timestamp":1727152445000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1387722\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]]},"references-count":17,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1387722"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1387722","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2565"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2296-2565"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]]},"article-number":"1387722"}}