{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T09:42:27Z","timestamp":1780393347138,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]],"date-time":"2025-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736899200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Bihar Rural Livelihoods Promotion Society launched the JEEViKA program in 2007 to improve livelihoods through the Self-Help Group (SHG) platform. Women\u2019s SHGs have shown members\u2019 health improvements by promoting awareness, practices and access to services. This study investigates whether Health &amp;amp; Nutrition (HN) interventions delivered by JEEViKA Technical Support Program (JTSP) via SHG platforms could improve maternal and newborn health and nutritional behaviors in rural Bihar.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Annual Household Survey and Married Women of Reproductive Age (MWRA) studies of Bihar Technical Support Unit were used to analyze the effectiveness of JTSP on HN behaviors for mother and their infants in Bihar during 2016\u201321. Descriptive analysis followed by multivariable (binary and multinomial) logistic regressions were conducted to determine the distribution of and associations between various individual\/community and programmatic exposures and outcomes of interest.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>During 2016\u20132021, in Bihar, statewide increase (32 to 47%) in SHG membership across all population strata and expansion of HN layering of JTSP from 101 to 349 blocks corroborated with improvements in Maternal-Newborn-Child Health &amp;amp; Nutrition (MNCHN) indicators in JTSP blocks and SHG members. Substantial increase was observed in \u22653ANC visit (9% points), institutional delivery (10%), skin-to-skin-care (17%), dry cord-care (23%), early initiation of breastfeeding (19%) &amp;amp; complementary feeding (9%). Adjusting for socio-demographic factors and Front-Line Workers\u2019 (FLWs\u2019) advice\/counseling, multivariable logistic regression revealed that SHG member in JTSP blocks delivering post-intervention (2021) were more likely (vs 2016) to practice: \u22653ANC visits (Adjusted Odds Ratio: aOR\u202f=\u202f1.48, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.0001), institutional delivery (aOR\u202f=\u202f1.71, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.0001), skin-to-skin care (aOR\u202f=\u202f3.16, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.0001) and dry cord-care (aOR\u202f=\u202f2.64, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.0001), early initiation of breastfeeding (aOR\u202f=\u202f1.61, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.0001), complementary feeding (aOR<jats:sub>6-8 months<\/jats:sub>\u202f=\u202f1.48, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.0001) and minimum dietary diversity (aOR<jats:sub>6-8 months<\/jats:sub>\u202f=\u202f1.24). Better mobility, decision making, economic independence and overall empowerment were also evident among SHG member MWRA as opposed to non-members after both phases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results highlight successful HN integration in JEEViKA by JTSP, demonstrating its effectiveness in integrating with State Rural Livelihoods Mission community platforms. JTSP showcases collaboration within a government system and emphasizes systematic introduction and strengthening at multiple levels. This integration has enabled JEEViKA systems to self-sustain its own HN implementation processes, paving the way for cross-sectoral comprehensive delivery mechanisms for social development.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1389706","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]],"date-time":"2025-01-15T06:15:09Z","timestamp":1736921709000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effectiveness of a technical support program with women\u2019s self-help groups in catalyzing health and nutrition behaviors in Bihar\u2014a multicomponent analysis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Sudipta","family":"Mondal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Indu","family":"Bisht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Santosh","family":"Akhauri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Indrajit","family":"Chaudhuri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Narottam","family":"Pradhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sweta","family":"Kumari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuchi Sree","family":"Akhouri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rakesh Kumar","family":"Jha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manoj Kumar","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suman","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Apollo","family":"Purty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arko","family":"Mukherjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanmay","family":"Mahapatra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1007\/s10887-005-3533-5","article-title":"SMEs, growth, and poverty: cross-country evidence","volume":"10","author":"Beck","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Econ Growth"},{"key":"ref2","year":""},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0237519","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0237519","article-title":"Participation in microfinance based self help groups in India: who becomes a member and for how long?","volume":"15","author":"Ahmad","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref4","volume-title":"Learning from the poor: A participatory poverty assessment in Kenya","author":"Narayan","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"41","article-title":"Determinants of demand for microcredit among the rural households in south-western states, Nigeria","volume":"7","author":"Balogun","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Agricul Soc Sci"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.9734\/AJEA\/2012\/1127","article-title":"Women participation in microcredit and its impact on income: a study of small-scale businesses in the central region of Ghana","volume":"2","author":"Awunyo-Vitor","year":"2012","journal-title":"American J Experimental Agricul"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1016\/j.worlddev.2011.03.001","article-title":"Microfinance and home improvement: using retrospective panel data to measure program effects on fundamental events","volume":"39","author":"McIntosh","year":"2011","journal-title":"World Dev"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"75","article-title":"Self Help Groups: A Tool to Boost up Woman Empowerment","volume-title":"Manag. 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