{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T22:17:06Z","timestamp":1789424226136,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]],"date-time":"2025-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741737600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The residual risk of mortality or neurological disability is high in tuberculous meningitis (TBM), but there are not many effective treatments for TBM. Malnutrition is a modifiable risk factor for patients with tuberculous; however, the relationship between nutritional risk and neurological prognosis is not clear. In the present study, we aimed to explore the association between malnutrition risk and neurological outcome in patients with TBM.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective cohort study was conducted from December 2010 to January 2021. Malnutrition risks were evaluated by nutritional scales, including controlling nutritional status score (CONUT), geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI), and prognostic nutritional index (PNI). The primary outcome was a poor recovery measured by a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 1-year follow-up. Malnutrition risk was estimated, and the association between malnutrition and follow-up outcome was analyzed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 401 participants were analyzed in the study. According to CONUT, GNRI, and PNI, 299(74.56%), 231(57.61%), and 107(26.68%) patients were with malnutrition risk on admission. At 1-year follow-up, a total of 115 patients (28.67%) were with poor recovery. After adjustment for confounding factors, the association between moderate malnutrition (OR\u202f=\u202f1.59, 95% CI 1.00\u20133.59, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f=\u202f0.050) and severe malnutrition (OR\u202f=\u202f3.76, 95% CI 1.03\u201312.63, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f=\u202f0.049) was estimated by CONUT and was significantly associated with poor outcome. For each point increase in COUNT score (OR\u202f=\u202f1.12, 95% CI 1.00\u20131.27, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f=\u202f0.059), the odds of poor functional recovery increased by 12%.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Malnutrition in TBM patients was related to an increased risk of poor neurological recovery in the long-term follow-up. Our study stressed the importance of assessing malnutrition in TBM patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1391821","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]],"date-time":"2025-03-12T04:11:22Z","timestamp":1741752682000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Prevalence and prognostic significance of malnutrition risk in patients with tuberculous meningitis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Can","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ke-Wei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng-Qiu","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":"Global tuberculosis report","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3009","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-019-09523-6","article-title":"Clinical features, outcomes and prognostic factors of tuberculous meningitis in adults worldwide: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"266","author":"Wen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1507062","article-title":"Intensified Antituberculosis therapy in adults with tuberculous meningitis","volume":"374","author":"Heemskerk","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2216218","article-title":"Adjunctive dexamethasone for tuberculous meningitis in HIV-positive adults","volume":"389","author":"Donovan","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2020.100211","article-title":"Prevalence of undernutrition among adult tuberculosis patients in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"22","author":"Wondmieneh","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Tuberc Other Mycobact Dis"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"128","article-title":"Undernutrition and the incidence of tuberculosis in India: national and subnational estimates of the population-attributable fraction related to undernutrition","volume":"27","author":"Bhargava","year":"2014","journal-title":"Natl Med J India"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.3343\/alm.2017.37.2.97","article-title":"Recommendations for optimizing tuberculosis treatment: therapeutic drug monitoring, pharmacogenetics, and nutritional status considerations","volume":"37","author":"Choi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Lab Med"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00151-8","article-title":"Tuberculosis","volume":"387","author":"Dheda","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref9","volume-title":"Nutritional care and support for patients with tuberculosis","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e049777","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-049777","article-title":"Malnutrition assessment methods in adult patients with tuberculosis: a systematic review","volume":"11","author":"Ter Beek","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5322","DOI":"10.21037\/apm-21-610","article-title":"Clinical application of NRS-2002 in nutritional risk screening of tuberculosis inpatients","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Palliat Med"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"38","article-title":"CONUT: a tool for controlling nutritional status. 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