{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T21:50:04Z","timestamp":1793397004698,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]],"date-time":"2024-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>This work focuses on the Dengue-viremia ABC (Atangana-Baleanu Caputo) fractional-order differential equations, accounting for both symptomatic and asymptomatic infected cases. Symptomatic cases are characterized by higher viremia levels, whereas asymptomatic cases exhibit lower viremia levels. The fractional-order model highlights memory effects and other advantages over traditional models, offering a more comprehensive representation of dengue dynamics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The total population is divided into four compartments: susceptible, asymptomatic infected, symptomatic infected, and recovered. The model incorporates an immune-boosting factor for asymptomatic infected individuals and clinical treatment for symptomatic cases. Positivity and boundedness of the model are validated, and both local and global stability analyses are performed. The novel Adams-Bash numerical scheme is utilized for simulations to rigorously assess the impact of optimal control interventions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategies. The reproduction numbers must be reduced based on specific optimal control conditions to effectively mitigate disease outbreaks. Numerical simulations confirm that the optimal control measures can significantly reduce the spread of the disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This research advances the understanding of Dengue-viremia dynamics and provides valuable insights into the application of ABC fractional-order analysis. By incorporating immune-boosting and clinical treatment into the model, the study offers practical guidelines for implementing successful disease control strategies. The findings highlight the potential of using optimal control techniques in public health interventions to manage disease outbreaks more effectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1398325","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]],"date-time":"2024-10-21T04:38:16Z","timestamp":1729485496000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Advanced optimal control approaches for immune boosting and clinical treatment to enhance dengue viremia models using ABC fractional-order analysis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"G. M.","family":"Vijayalakshmi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Ariyanatchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lenka","family":"Cepova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krishnasamy","family":"Karthik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","unstructured":"Epidemiology (WHO).2021"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(97)70054-4","article-title":"Dengue virus infection: epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and prevention","volume":"131","author":"Kautner","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Pediatr."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-842X(01)02288-0","article-title":"Epidemic dengue\/dengue hemorrhagic fever as a public health, social and economic problem in the 21st century","volume":"10","author":"Gubler","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-5564(98)10003-2","article-title":"Analysis of a dengue disease transmission model","volume":"150","author":"Esteva","year":"1998","journal-title":"Math Biosci."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1007\/s002850050147","article-title":"A model for dengue disease with variable human population","volume":"38","author":"Esteva","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Math Biol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1007\/s002850050064","article-title":"Competitive exclusion in a vector-host model for the dengue fever","volume":"35","author":"Feng","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Math Biol."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chaos.2017.10.020","article-title":"Analysis and application of new fractional Adams\u2013Bashforth scheme with Caputo\u2013Fabrizio derivative","volume":"105","author":"Owolabi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chaos, Solitons Fractals."},{"key":"B8","first-page":"328","article-title":"Mathematical model of dengue disease with the incubation period of virus","volume":"44","author":"Pongsumpun","year":"2008","journal-title":"World Acad Sci Eng Technol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5679","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.2010.0278","article-title":"Modelling the dynamics of dengue real epidemics","volume":"368","author":"Pinho","year":"2010","journal-title":"Philosoph Trans Royal Soc A: Mathem Phys Eng Sci"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.5281\/zenodo.1327917","article-title":"Mathematical modeling for dengue transmission with the effect of season","volume":"5","author":"Kongnuy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Biol Med Sci."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.13140\/RG.2.1.5042.6721","article-title":"A SIR model for spread of dengue fever disease (simulation for South Sulawesi, Indonesia and Selangor, Malaysia)","volume":"9","author":"Side","year":"2013","journal-title":"World J Model Simul."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.4236\/am.2013.48A020","article-title":"Impact of awareness on the spread of dengue infection in human population","volume":"4","author":"Gakkhar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appl Math."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1006\/jmaa.2000.7194","article-title":"Analysis of fractional differential equations","volume":"265","author":"Diethelm","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Math Anal Appl."},{"key":"B14","first-page":"1","article-title":"A two-dimensional model for the transmission of dengue fever disease","volume":"24","author":"Soewono","year":"2001","journal-title":"Bullet Malaysian Mathem Sci Soc."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chaos.2019.07.002","article-title":"Modeling the transmission of dengue infection through fractional derivatives","volume":"127","author":"Jan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chaos, Solitons Fractals."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.12785\/pfda\/010201","article-title":"A new definition of fractional derivative without singular kernel","volume":"1","author":"Caputo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prog Fract Different Appl."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1186\/s13662-020-02881-w","article-title":"Analysis of dengue model with fractal-fractional Caputo\u2013Fabrizio operator","volume":"2020","author":"Fatmawati Khan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Diff. Equat"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100072","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csfx.2022.100072","article-title":"Dynamical analysis of the transmission of dengue fever via caputo \u2013 fabrizio fractional derivative","volume":"2022","author":"Boulaaras","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chaos, Solitons Fractals"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/2918080","article-title":"Analysis and simulation of SIRS model for dengue fever transmission in South Sulawesi, Indonesia","volume":"2021","author":"Sanusi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Appl Mathem."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104669","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rinp.2021.104669","article-title":"Analysis numerical solution of novel fractional model for dengue","volume":"28","author":"Ahmad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Results Physics."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"012117","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/1028\/1\/012117","article-title":"SIR model analysis for transmission of dengue fever disease with climate factors using lyapunov function","volume":"1028","author":"Nur","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Phys"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2021.e06023","article-title":"Dengue infection modeling and its optimal control analysis in East Java, Indonesia","volume":"7","author":"Khan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aej.2021.04.070","article-title":"A fractional order dengue fever model in the context of protected travelers","volume":"61","author":"Bonyah","year":"2022","journal-title":"Alexandria Eng J."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104075","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rinp.2021.104075","article-title":"Investigating of fractional order dengue epidemic model with ABC operator","volume":"24","author":"Khan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Results Physics."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110564","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chaos.2020.110564","article-title":"Numerical solution of hybrid mathematical model of dengue transmission with relapse and memory via Adam\u2013Bashforth\u2013Moulton predictor-corrector scheme","volume":"143","author":"Agarwal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chaos, Solitons and Fractals"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"012056","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/423\/1\/012056","article-title":"A critical protection level derived from dengue infection mathematical model considering asymptomatic and symptomatic classes","volume":"423","author":"Anggriani","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Phys."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1002\/oca.2551","article-title":"Asymptomatic carriers in transmission dynamics of dengue with control interventions","volume":"41","author":"Jan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Optimal Cont Appl Meth."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1007\/s40819-023-01652-x","article-title":"Adams\u2013Bashforth Moulton numerical approach on dengue fractional atangana baleanu caputo model and stability analysis","volume":"10","author":"Vijayalakshmi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Appl Comput Mathem."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Public Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1398325\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]],"date-time":"2024-10-21T04:38:21Z","timestamp":1729485501000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1398325\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]]},"references-count":28,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1398325"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1398325","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2565","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]]},"article-number":"1398325"}}