{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T07:20:13Z","timestamp":1771053613351,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]],"date-time":"2024-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717027200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>In Europe, the combination of cabotegravir (CAB) with rilpivirine (RPV) has been approved as a dual injection long-acting (LA) therapy for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infections in adults since December 2020. Studies have shown that between 36 and 61% of people living with HIV (PLWHIV) prefer LA therapy. However, there are no real-world data on the number of people receiving LA therapy, in Germany or internationally. The aim of this study was to assess the current situation and trends in usage of LA therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 in Germany.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Based on pharmacy prescription data derived from Insight Health, the monthly number of prescriptions for oral CAB, CAB-LA, and RPV-LA over the entire period of availability in Germany was analyzed and evaluated (May 2021 to December 2023). The number of 1st and 2nd initiation injections and subsequent maintenance injections was calculated on the basis of the prescriptions for oral CAB initiation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The bimonthly schedule resulted in two growing cohorts from September 2021 with an estimated 14,523 CAB-LA prescriptions over the entire period. Accordingly, in December 2023, there were approximately 1,364 PLWHIV receiving LA therapy, of whom 1,318 were receiving maintenance therapy. Only treatments with bimonthly regimens were carried out. Accounting for people not covered by statutory health insurance (~13%), a total of ~1,600 PLWHIV were receiving LA therapy in Germany in December 2023. The average rounded annual cost of therapy in 2023 was \u20ac11,940 (maintenance therapy with initiation) and \u20ac10,950 (maintenance therapy without initiation).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>To our knowledge, this is the first study of real-world use and number of people receiving LA therapy. A strength of our study is the nearly complete coverage of people with statutory health insurance in Germany. The predicted demand for LA therapy does not match the actual number of people receiving LA therapy. Although the number of PLWHIV receiving LA therapy increased steadily, they accounted for just under 2% of the estimated total number of people receiving HIV therapy in Germany in 2023, almost 2\u2009years after the market launch. No significant increase in prescriptions is expected; on the contrary, the trend is leveling off and is unlikely to change drastically in the near future. Hence, the need for this mode of therapy in Germany appears to be limited. Follow-up studies at regular intervals on the further course would be useful and are recommended, as well as investigations into the possible reasons for the slow uptake to inform public health experts and possibly broaden treatment options.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1404255","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]],"date-time":"2024-05-30T13:49:18Z","timestamp":1717076958000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Long-acting prescriptions and therapy for HIV-1 from market launch to the present in Germany (May 2021 to December 2023)"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Daniel","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Kollan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Stoll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","article-title":"Product information Vocabria","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref2","article-title":"HIV-Therapie mit Cabotegravir: Depotspritzen statt t\u00e4glicher Tabletten: Deutsche Aidshilfe","author":"Schock","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref3","article-title":"Neueinf\u00fchrung Vocabria bei HIV","author":"Gelbe","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2023.2240067","article-title":"Preferences of people living with HIV for injectable and oral antiretroviral treatment in the Netherlands: a discrete choice experiment","volume":"36","author":"Kremer","year":"2024","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1825","DOI":"10.2147\/PPA.S405288","article-title":"Understanding treatment preferences among people living with HIV in Australia: a discrete choice experiment","volume":"17","author":"Fifer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Patient Prefer Adherence"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e26099","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.26099","article-title":"US patient preferences for long-acting HIV treatment: a discrete choice experiment","volume":"26","author":"Graham","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Germany: Health system review","author":"Bl\u00fcmel","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref8","article-title":"Anzahl der Mitglieder und Versicherten der gesetzlichen und privaten Krankenversicherung in den Jahren 2017 bis 2023","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref9","article-title":"Gesetzliche Krankenversicherung Mitglieder, mitversicherte Angeh\u00f6rige und Krankenstand Jahresdurchschnitt 2022 \u2013 (Ergebnisse der GKV-Statistik KM1\/13)","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Sch\u00e4tzung der Anzahl von HIV-Neuinfektionen im Jahr 2021 und der Gesamtzahl von Menschen, die Ende 2021 mit HIV in Deutschland leben","author":"An Der Heiden","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2020.0126","article-title":"The LAIs are coming! Implementation science considerations for long-acting injectable antiretroviral therapy in the United States: a scoping review","volume":"37","author":"Kanazawa","year":"2021","journal-title":"AIDS Res Hum Retrovir"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S541","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac716","article-title":"Barriers to uptake of long-acting antiretroviral products for treatment and prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in high-income countries","volume":"75","author":"Cooper","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref13","article-title":"Vereinbarung von Qualit\u00e4tssicherungsma\u00dfnahmen nach \u00a7 135 Abs. 2 SGB V zur spezialisierten Versorgung von Patienten mit HIV-Infektion\/Aids-Erkrankung (Qualit\u00e4tssicherungsvereinbarung HIV\/Aids)","year":""},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00781","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00781-23","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and tolerability of cabotegravir and rilpivirine long-acting intramuscular injections to the vastus lateralis (lateral thigh) muscles of healthy adult participants","volume":"68","author":"Han","year":"2024","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref15","article-title":"Fachinformation VOCABRIA depot-Injektionssuspension","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref16","article-title":"Deutsch-\u00d6sterreichische Leitlinien zur antiretroviralen Therapie der HIV-1-Infektion. AWMF-Register-Nr.: 055-001","year":""},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e472","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(20)30106-5","article-title":"Tail-phase safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of long-acting injectable cabotegravir in HIV-uninfected adults: a secondary analysis of the HPTN 077 trial","volume":"7","author":"Landovitz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1909512","article-title":"Long-acting cabotegravir and rilpivirine after oral induction for HIV-1 infection","volume":"382","author":"Orkin","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref19","year":""},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.0420","article-title":"Long-acting cabotegravir for HIV prevention: issues of access, cost, and equity","volume":"327","author":"Sharfstein","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Public Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1404255\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,19]],"date-time":"2024-07-19T10:33:35Z","timestamp":1721385215000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1404255\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]]},"references-count":20,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1404255"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1404255","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2565","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]]},"article-number":"1404255"}}