{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T16:29:05Z","timestamp":1753892945649,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]],"date-time":"2025-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738108800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to investigate the relationship between urinary fluoride concentration and myocardial disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is a cross-sectional study that was conducted in three villages in Wenshui County, Shanxi Province. A total of 737 villagers were included in this analysis. Urinary fluoride was detected using a fluoride-ion selective electrode. Myocardial enzymes were detected using an automatic biochemical analyzer. Myocardial ischemia and arrhythmia were diagnosed using 12-lead electrocardiogram.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The median level of urinary fluoride concentration was 1.32\u202fmg\/L. Urinary fluoride was associated with serum creatine kinase (CK) elevation (odds ratio [OR]\u202f=\u202f1.39 [95% confidence interval (CI)]: 1.09\u20131.78) and CK isoenzyme (CK-MB) elevation (OR\u202f=\u202f1.49 [95% CI: 1.12\u20131.97]). Stratified analysis revealed that urinary fluoride concentration was associated with CK elevation in villagers under the age of 60\u202fyears (OR\u202f=\u202f1.80 [95% CI: 1.26\u20132.59]). This study found that there was a positive association between urinary fluoride concentration and the risk of CK-MB elevation in participants under the age of 60\u202fyears(OR\u202f=\u202f2.18 [95% CI: 1.39\u20133.42]), those who were of female gender (OR\u202f=\u202f1.53 [95% CI: 1.07\u20132.19]), those who were overweight\/obese (OR\u202f=\u202f1.96 [95% CI: 1.28\u20132.99]), those who had central obesity (OR\u202f=\u202f1.59 [95% CI: 1.12\u20132.25]), consumed alcohol (OR\u202f=\u202f1.49 [95% CI: 1.09\u20132.05]), and smoked (OR\u202f=\u202f1.50 [95% CI: 1.10\u20132.04]).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our study suggests that fluoride exposure is associated with the risk of serum CK and CK-MB elevation; however, it is not associated with myocardial ischemia, arrhythmia, serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), serum alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>-HBD), or serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Further investigations are needed to substantiate our findings and explore the potential underlying mechanisms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1410056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]],"date-time":"2025-01-29T19:18:41Z","timestamp":1738178321000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association between fluoride exposure and the risk of serum CK and CK-MB elevation in adults: a cross-sectional study in China"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Junhua","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaona","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuting","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanmei","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanhui","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]]},"reference":[{"year":"2018","key":"ref1"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1007\/s40572-023-00412-9","article-title":"Fluoride exposure and skeletal fluorosis: a systematic review and dose-response Meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Veneri","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Environ Health Rep"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-022-03302-7","article-title":"Necessity to pay attention to the effects of low fluoride on human health: an overview of skeletal and non-skeletal damages in epidemiologic investigations and laboratory studies","volume":"201","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biol Trace Elem Res"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5049.177867","article-title":"Chronic fluorosis: the disease and its anaesthetic implications","volume":"60","author":"Kurdi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indian J Anaesth"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1767","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-022-01982-4","article-title":"The association between fluoride in water and blood pressure in children and adolescents","volume":"92","author":"Koh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2012.11.021","article-title":"An assessment of the relationship between excess fluoride intake from drinking water and essential hypertension in adults residing in fluoride endemic areas","volume":"443","author":"Sun","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.105302","article-title":"Association between fluoride exposure and cardiometabolic risk in peripubertal Mexican children","volume":"134","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117759","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117759","article-title":"Does fluoride exposure affect thyroid function? 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