{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T21:56:56Z","timestamp":1792706216204,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]],"date-time":"2024-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726185600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Analysis of data from bicycle accidents reveals that handlebar impacts are a significant cause of injury, particularly among children. Despite existing safety regulations, such as helmet requirements, little attention is given to abdominal injuries. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of handlebar ends on abdominal loading during bicycle crashes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study delves into the impact of five different handlebar designs on abdominal injuries during bicycle crashes, using finite element simulations with detailed Human Body Models (HBMs) of a six-year-old child (PIPER child model, Version 0.99.0). Four impact locations were identified in the injury scenario, selected according to the anatomical location of the most commonly injured organs, liver, pancreas, spleen and abdomen.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Grip design features, such as shape and rigidity, significantly influence injury outcomes. Grips designed specifically for children demonstrate superior performance in reducing abdominal loading and injury metrics compared to standard grips. The highest injury potential was seen in a damaged handlebar end.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings underscore the importance of improved handlebar designs and standardized safety measures, especially for children. Implementation of such measures could mitigate the significant health and economic burden associated with handlebar-related injuries and enhance overall bicycle safety for children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1429274","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]],"date-time":"2024-09-13T00:56:20Z","timestamp":1726188980000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Abdominal impacts of handlebar injuries in the PIPER child model: a prevention study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Christoph","family":"Arneitz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nico","family":"Erlinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corina","family":"Klug","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simone Oliver","family":"Senica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Kuenzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Spitzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georg","family":"Schalamon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Schalamon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":"Eu produced 13.5 million bicycles in 2021","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1177\/0009922808324952","article-title":"Bicycle-related injuries among children and adolescents in the United States","volume":"48","author":"Mehan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Pediatr (Phila)"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-2197.1997.tb01986.x","article-title":"Handlebar injuries in children: patterns and prevention","volume":"67","author":"Clarnette","year":"1997","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Surg"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.09.043","article-title":"Bicycle handlebar injuries\u2014a systematic review of pediatric chest and abdominal injuries","volume":"51","author":"Cheung","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1007\/s00383-012-3227-y","article-title":"Handlebar injuries in children","volume":"29","author":"Klimek","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr Surg Int"},{"key":"ref6","author":"Spitzer","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-4575(00)00089-0","article-title":"Protecting the child's abdomen: a retractable bicycle handlebar","volume":"33","author":"Arbogast","year":"2001","journal-title":"Accid Anal Prev"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TA.0000170107.21534.7A","article-title":"The high morbidity associated with handlebar injuries in children","volume":"58","author":"Nadler","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"43","volume-title":"ISO 8098:2023. 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