{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T16:21:07Z","timestamp":1792858867619,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":167,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,25]],"date-time":"2024-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727222400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Context and objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To date, lung cancer is the only well-established health effect associated with radon exposure in humans. To summarize available evidence on other potential health effects of radon exposure, we performed a comprehensive qualitative and quantitative synthesis of the available literature on radon exposure and health effects other than lung cancer, in both occupational and general populations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eligible studies published from January 1990 to March 2023, in English and French languages, were identified in PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, ScieLo and HAL. In the meta-analysis, we estimated average weighted standardized incidence ratios (metaSIR), standardized mortality ratios (metaSMR), and risk ratio (metaRR) per 100 unit (Bq\/m<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> or Working level Month) increase in radon exposure concentration by combining estimates from the eligible studies using the random-effect inverse variance method. DerSimonian &amp;amp; Laird estimator was used to estimate the between-study variance. For each health outcome, analyses were performed separately for mine workers, children, and adults in the general population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 129 studies were included in the systematic review and 40 distinct studies in the meta-analysis. For most of these health outcomes, the results of the meta-analyses showed no statistically significant association, and heterogeneity was only present among occupational studies, especially between those included in the metaSIR or metaSMR analyses. However, the estimated exposure-risk associations were positive and close to the statistical significance threshold for: lymphohematological cancer incidence in children (metaRR\u2009=\u20091.01; 95%CI: 1.00\u20131.03; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.08); malignant melanoma mortality among adults in the general population (metaRR\u2009=\u20091.10; 95%CI: 0.99\u20131.21; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.07); liver cancer mortality among mine workers (metaRR\u2009=\u20091.04; 95%CI: 1.00\u20131.10; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.06); intestine and rectal cancer mortality combined among mine workers (metaRR\u2009=\u20091.02; 95%CI: 1.00\u20131.04; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.06).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although none of the exposure-risk associations estimated in the meta-analyses reached statistical significance, the hypothesis that radon may have other health effects apart from lung cancer could not be ruled-out and call for additional research. Larger and well-designed studies are needed to further investigate this question.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Systematic review registration<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:uri>https:\/\/www.crd.york.ac.uk\/prospero\/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023474542<\/jats:uri>, ID: CRD42023474542.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1439355","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,25]],"date-time":"2024-09-25T12:24:14Z","timestamp":1727267054000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Radon exposure and potential health effects other than lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Afi Mawulawoe Sylvie","family":"Henyoh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Laurent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corinne","family":"Mandin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enora","family":"Clero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","year":""},{"key":"ref2","year":""},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/s00411-018-0770-5","article-title":"Meta-analysis of case\u2013control studies on the relationship between lung cancer and indoor radon exposure","volume":"58","author":"Malinovsky","year":"2019","journal-title":"Radiat Environ Biophys"},{"key":"ref4","volume-title":"BEIR 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