{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T08:44:20Z","timestamp":1789202660416,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,16]],"date-time":"2025-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736985600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Little is known about the mental health consequences of human rights violations in forcibly displaced populations. Objective: The objectives of this systematic review are to examine: (1) the prevalence of mental health conditions among forcibly displaced persons; (2) to investigate methodological factors contributing to mental health conditions; and (3) associations between mental health conditions and human rights violations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a systematic review with meta-analyses on the prevalence of anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder among forcibly displaced populations and factors contributing to it by searching in databases MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase, Web of Science Core Collection (Clarivate), PsycINFO (EBSCO), Sociological Abstracts (ProQuest), and PTSDPubs (ProQuest). Additionally, we assessed the Global Peace Index. Pooled associations were calculated using a random-effects meta-analysis model. Subgroup analyses were performed for the Global Peace Index, sampling methodology, also we assessed risk of bias.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the 8,555 records screened, 55 with <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 31,573 participants met the inclusion criteria (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> =\u202f15,714 males, females, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> =\u202f15,859 females). Most studies were cross-sectional (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> =\u202f49). The pooled prevalence rates were 38.90% (95% CI: 29.63; 48.17) for anxiety, 38.16% (95% CI: 32.16; 44.15) for depression and 39.62% (95% CI: 32.87; 46.36) for posttraumatic stress disorder. Analyses by level of human rights violations show anxiety, and depression prevalence rates were higher in countries with very low Global Peace Index than countries with high, moderate and low Global Peace Index (39.84% vs. 16.09%; 41.07% vs. 26.67%). Analyses by risk of bias indicate that the prevalence rate of PTSD was higher in studies with a high risk of bias compared to those with a very high risk of bias (49.27% vs. 29.79%). For anxiety, the prevalence rate was greater with random sampling compared to convenience sampling (44.71% vs. 36.87%). Depression and PTSD prevalence rates were higher with convenience sampling than with random sampling (38.67% vs. 37.70%; 42.83% vs. 35.50%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our review suggests that systematic continuous human rights violations are associated with mental health conditions in forcibly displaced persons. To prevent mental health conditions, it is necessary to reduce exposure to human rights violations in the countries forcibly displaced persons come from.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Systematic review registration<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:uri>https:\/\/www.crd.york.ac.uk\/prospero\/display_record.php?ID=CRD42017076535<\/jats:uri>, PROSPERO registration: CRD42017076535.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1454331","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,16]],"date-time":"2025-01-16T15:47:18Z","timestamp":1737042438000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Human rights violations are associated with forcibly displaced population\u2019s mental health\u2014a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Felix","family":"Sisenop","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pallavi","family":"Chatarajupalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul A.","family":"Bain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanna","family":"Kaade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jutta","family":"Lindert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20818","article-title":"Challenges to mental health services for refugees: a global perspective","volume":"20","author":"Silove","year":"2021","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref2","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref3","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref4","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e140","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(19)30248-8","article-title":"Association between socioeconomic status and the development of mental and physical health conditions in adulthood: a multi-cohort study","volume":"5","author":"Kivimaki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(18)30060-9","article-title":"Social determinants of mental disorders and the sustainable development goals: a systematic review of reviews","volume":"5","author":"Lund","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113308","article-title":"Mechanisms connecting objective and subjective poverty to mental health: serial mediation roles of negative life events and social support","volume":"265","author":"Chang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113556","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113556","article-title":"Relative food insecurity, mental health and wellbeing in 160 countries","volume":"268","author":"Elgar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494819852847","article-title":"Unemployment among young people and mental health: A systematic review","volume":"48","author":"Bartelink","year":"2020","journal-title":"Scand J Public Health"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30934-1","article-title":"New WHO prevalence estimates of mental disorders in conflict settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"394","author":"Charlson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00433","article-title":"Psychiatric disorders in refugees and internally displaced persons after forced displacement: A systematic review","volume":"9","author":"Morina","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.09.029","article-title":"Experience of human rights violations and subsequent mental disorders - 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