{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T11:07:27Z","timestamp":1787828847225,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,13]],"date-time":"2024-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731456000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although occupational exposure to <jats:italic>Coxiella burnetii<\/jats:italic> has been studied previously, the zoonotic risk in wildlife environments remains unclear and has yet to be fully established.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Accordingly, the present study aimed to serologically assess professionals with daily contact with free-living and captive wildlife in Paran\u00e1 State, Brazil, along with the potential associated risk factors for <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic> exposure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall, 25 out of 309 (8.1%) wildlife professionals were seropositive, including 6\/54 (11.1%) national and 7\/125 (5.6%) state park employees, 6\/92 (6.5%) zookeepers, and 6\/38 (15.8%) animal service workers, with titers ranging from 32 to 128. No statistical association was found between seropositivity and associated risk factors, including the working location.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results differ from those of previous studies in Brazil, which found 8\/893 (0.9%) indigenous, 1\/18 (5.5%) police officers, and 44\/200 (22.0%) former Black slaves to be seropositive. This study is the first serological investigation of <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic> among park rangers, zookeepers, and animal service workers in Brazil, showing no statistically significant risk factors for seropositivity. As the seroprevalence in this study was higher than that in previous surveys of healthy (asymptomatic) human populations, <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic> exposure may also be an occupational risk for wildlife professionals owing to their contact with the natural environment in Brazil.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1466981","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,13]],"date-time":"2024-11-13T11:10:45Z","timestamp":1731496245000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Coxiellaburnetii (Q fever) exposure in wildlife professionals"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Danilo Alves","family":"de Fran\u00e7a","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louise Bach","family":"Kmetiuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Orlei Jos\u00e9 Domingues","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni Augusto Kalempa","family":"Panazzolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vivien Midori","family":"Morikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana \u00cdris","family":"de Lima Dur\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helio","family":"Langoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovani Marino","family":"F\u00e1vero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander Welker","family":"Biondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e39","DOI":"10.1590\/s1678-9946202365039","article-title":"Overview of Q fever in Brazil: an underestimated zoonosis","volume":"65","author":"Fran\u00e7a","year":"2023","journal-title":"Rev Inst Med trop S Paulo"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2108.140343","article-title":"Bartonella spp. and Coxiella burnetii associated with community-acquired, culture-negative endocarditis, Brazil","volume":"21","author":"Siciliano","year":"2015","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"1","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of Q fever--United States, 2013: recommendations from CDC and the Q fever working group","volume":"62","author":"Anderson","year":"2013","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.12834\/VetIt.1113.6046.3","article-title":"Q fever and seroprevalence of Coxiella burnetii in domestic ruminants","volume":"54","author":"Pexara","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet Ital"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.160","article-title":"Seroprevalence of Q fever in cattle, sheep and goats in the Volta region of Ghana","volume":"5","author":"Johnson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet Med Sci"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.3390\/zoonoticdis3010005","article-title":"Seroprevalence of Coxiella burnetii in occupational settings: a Meta-analysis of Italian studies","volume":"3","author":"Ricc\u00f2","year":"2023","journal-title":"Zoonotic Dis"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1068129","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.1068129","article-title":"Coxiella burnetii in ticks, livestock, pets and wildlife: a mini-review","volume":"9","author":"Celina","year":"2022","journal-title":"Fronti Vet Sci"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.13085","article-title":"Coxiella burnetii in wild mammals: a systematic review","volume":"66","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Barrio","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transbound Emerg Dis"},{"key":"ref9","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2012.09.002","article-title":"Demography of Q fever seroprevalence in sheep and goats in the Netherlands in 2008","volume":"109","author":"Van den Brom","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prev Vet Med"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.33321\/cdi.2020.44.48","article-title":"The improving state of Q fever surveillance. 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