{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T16:29:58Z","timestamp":1753892998828,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]],"date-time":"2024-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007771","name":"Medical University of Silesia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007771","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In 2019, ozone was responsible for about 365,000 premature deaths worldwide (6.21 million healthy life years lost) and acute ozone exposure led to 16,800 premature deaths in the European Union. The aim of the study was to estimate the influence of NO, NO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, wind direction (WD) wind speed (WS), air temperature (TA), and total radiation (GLR) on ozone concentration levels. Data provided by 3 automatic air quality monitoring stations of the Regional Environmental Protection Inspectorate in Katowice, were used in this study. The measurements were conducted in from January 1 2009 to December 31 2017. The data obtained from the measuring stations were statistically analysed. The study showed that the strongest influencing factors for O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> values are air temperature and total radiation, with each showing a high correlation with ozone concentration. NO and NO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> had a dual effect on O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> concentration, causing an increase in ozone concentration at low NO and NO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> concentrations and a decrease in ozone concentration at higher NO and NO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> concentrations. We noted that the direction of the wind had very little effect on the concentration of O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>. The influence of wind speed on the O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> level was also small, but stronger than that of the wind direction. The research shows that in the analysed years for selected measuring stations the strongest factors influencing O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> concentration are air temperature and total radiation, the NO and NO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> concentrations had a dualistic effect on the O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> concentration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1485333","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]],"date-time":"2024-12-10T06:34:37Z","timestamp":1733812477000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The influence of NOx, temperature, wind and total radiation on the level of ozone concentration in the Upper Silesian agglomeration"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Joanna","family":"Kobza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lechos\u0142aw","family":"Dul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariusz","family":"Geremek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1273826","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1273826","article-title":"The rationale behind updates to ambient ozone guidelines and standards","volume":"18","author":"Xue","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"year":"2023","key":"ref2"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119942","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2023.119942","article-title":"Combining physical mechanisms and deep learning models for hourly surface ozone retrieval in China","volume":"351","author":"Xing","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Environ Manag"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"m108","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m108","article-title":"Short term association between ozone and mortality: global two stage time series study in 406 locations in 20 countries","volume":"368","author":"Vicedo-Cabrera","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"volume-title":"State of global air 2020. 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