{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T04:54:18Z","timestamp":1790916858365,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]],"date-time":"2025-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Benzene is a widespread environmental carcinogen known to induce leukemia. Chronic benzene poisoning is a significant occupational health issue in China, particularly among workers exposed to benzene. The aim of this study was to analyze the distribution patterns and trends of occupational benzene poisoning cases. This study included 176 cases who are diagnosed with occupational chronic benzene poisoning, via the Occupational Disease Direct Network Reporting System of the Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention from 2005 to 2019. Data on gender, date of birth, years of benzene exposure, enterprise size, ownership type, industry were collected and descriptively analyzed. No significant differences were observed between males and females in terms of age or benzene exposure duration. The variation in gender distribution across 4 periods highlighted significant differences (<jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u202f=\u202f13.06, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f=\u202f0.004). Linear regression analysis indicated that the number of workers increased with year as the independent variable (<jats:italic>r<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup><\/jats:italic>\u202f=\u202f0.40, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f=\u202f0.016). The working duration of benzene exposure appeared to decline, but this trend was not statistically significant. The majority of employees were in medium and large-sized enterprises. Before 2016, workers were mainly in joint-stock enterprises and equipment manufacturing industries; however, from 2017 to 2019, benzene poisoning cases were increasingly found in private and light industries. Overall, this study may provide data resources for risk assessment among occupational benzene-exposed workers; therefore, the monitoring of benzene concentrations in the workplace should be strengthened, and targeted preventive measures for workers must be effectively implemented to protect their health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1498114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]],"date-time":"2025-01-20T07:23:12Z","timestamp":1737357792000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The characteristics of chronic benzene poisoning in 176 Chinese occupational population cases"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Lian","family":"Gou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingyu","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lili","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mei","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruiqing","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peiyu","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nan","family":"Lian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.publhealth.012809.103646","article-title":"Advances in understanding benzene health effects and susceptibility","volume":"31","author":"Smith","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annu Rev Public Health"},{"key":"ref2","unstructured":"2021"},{"key":"ref3","unstructured":"Commodities 2021: global benzene supply set to remain unusually tight into new year\n          \n          \n            \n              Tseng\n              T\n            \n            \n              Burleson\n              E\n            \n            \n              Price\n              S\n            \n          \n          \n          2020"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jes.2021.08.035","article-title":"Meta-analysis of the effect of low-level occupational benzene exposure on human peripheral blood leukocyte counts in China","volume":"114","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Environ Sci (China)"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.3436","article-title":"Occupational exposure to solvents and acute myeloid leukemia: a population-based, case-control study in four Nordic countries","volume":"40","author":"Talibov","year":"2014","journal-title":"Scand J Work Environ Health"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jes.2020.03.035","article-title":"A review of atmospheric benzene homologues in China: characterization, health risk assessment, source identification and countermeasures","volume":"95","author":"Ji","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Environ Sci"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.3967\/bes2021.038","article-title":"Occupational health risk assessment of benzene, toluene, and xylene in Shanghai","volume":"34","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed Environ Sci"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545640","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/545640","article-title":"Benzene as a chemical Hazard in processed foods","volume":"2015","author":"Salviano Dos Santos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Food Sci"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph21020205","article-title":"Benzene exposure and lung Cancer risk: a systematic review and Meta-analysis of human studies","volume":"21","author":"Chiavarini","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2024.119213","article-title":"Occupational benzene exposure and colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"257","author":"Sassano","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-023-02357-0","article-title":"Exposure to benzene and other hydrocarbons and risk of bladder cancer among male offshore petroleum workers","volume":"129","author":"Shala","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmr.IJMR_1652_17","article-title":"Environmental & occupational exposure & female reproductive dysfunction","volume":"150","author":"Kumar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135879","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.135879","article-title":"Benzene exposure induces gut microbiota dysbiosis and metabolic disorder in mice","volume":"705","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgs382","article-title":"Low-dose metabolism of benzene in humans: science and obfuscation","volume":"34","author":"Rappaport","year":"2013","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1080\/10408444.2023.2175642","article-title":"Human biomonitoring of low-level benzene exposures","volume":"52","author":"Boogaard","year":"2022","journal-title":"Crit Rev Toxicol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-20-6597","article-title":"Changes in cognitive function and related brain regions in chronic benzene poisoning: a case report","volume":"9","author":"Hu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1355739","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1355739","article-title":"Leukemia risk assessment of exposure to low-levels of benzene based on the linearized multistage model","volume":"12","author":"Jin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.4164","article-title":"Occupational exposure to benzene and mortality risk of lymphohaematopoietic cancers in the Swiss National Cohort","volume":"50","author":"Ge","year":"2024","journal-title":"Scand J Work Environ Health"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2023.05.009","article-title":"Benzene metabolite hydroquinone enhances self-renewal and proliferation of preleukemic cells through the Ppar-gamma pathway","volume":"382","author":"Lu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Toxicol Lett"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgy157","article-title":"Benzene metabolite hydroquinone promotes DNA homologous recombination repair via the NF-kappaB pathway","volume":"40","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2323227","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2024.2323227","article-title":"Gut microbiota-palmitoleic acid-interleukin-5 axis orchestrates benzene-induced hematopoietic toxicity","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-020-0894-x","article-title":"Benzene induces rapid leukemic transformation after prolonged hematotoxicity in a murine model","volume":"35","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph14080921","article-title":"Association between promoter methylation of gene ERCC3 and benzene Hematotoxicity","volume":"14","author":"Zheng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2339","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19042339","article-title":"Sex difference and benzene exposure: does it matter?","volume":"19","author":"Poli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57297","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-021-14657-0","article-title":"Gender differences in hematotoxicity of benzene-exposed workers, three cross-sectional studies on 218,061 subjects","volume":"28","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res Int"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1599","DOI":"10.1007\/s10653-019-00241-6","article-title":"A cross-sectional survey based on blood VOCs, hematological parameters and urine indicators in a population in Jilin","volume":"41","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Northeast China Environ Geochem Health"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.46234\/ccdcw2021.220","article-title":"The distribution and concentration monitoring of benzene industries - six PLADs, China, 2020","volume":"3","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"China CDC Wkly"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.46234\/ccdcw2020.243","article-title":"Characteristics in the distribution of chronic benzene poisoning associated industries - 6 PLADs, China, 2005-2019","volume":"2","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"China CDC Wkly"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-09215-1","article-title":"Occupational benzene exposure and the risk of genetic damage: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Public Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1498114\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]],"date-time":"2025-01-20T07:23:16Z","timestamp":1737357796000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1498114\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]]},"references-count":29,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1498114"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1498114","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2565","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]]},"article-number":"1498114"}}