{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T16:51:54Z","timestamp":1791996714031,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]],"date-time":"2025-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749600000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Mongolian government recently initiated the first nationwide health screening program to assess the health status of the entire population using age-group specific health risk assessments related to the major noncommunicable diseases and behavioral risk factors. Based on data collected from nationwide health screening program, we estimated the distribution of 10-year cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks in the general population by using the risk prediction model recently published by the World Health Organization (WHO).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A representative sample of 35,769 adults aged between 40 and 80\u202fyears old participated in nationwide health screening program, which covered all 21 Mongolian provinces and 9 districts in the capital city Ulaanbaatar. Data used in the present study were obtained from the first wave of the screening program, which was held throughout Mongolia between May 2022 and February 2023. To assess the four categories of CVD risk and determine the 10-year risk of a fatal\/non-fatal event, we used the WHO CVD risk 2019 laboratory-based cardiovascular disease risk charts. The following key risk factors were used to assess the 10-year CVD risk: gender, age, location, smoking status, body mass index, total cholesterol level, history of diabetes, fasting glucose level, and blood pressure level. The 10-year risk for CVD was divided into four groups: low risk (&amp;lt; 10%), mild risk (10 to 20%), moderate risk (20 to 30%), and high risk (&amp;gt; 30%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Total of 35,769 adults aged between 40 and 80\u202fyears old participated in the nationwide health screening program. The mean age of the participants in the screening program was 54.4\u202f\u00b1\u202f9.3\u202fyears. According to the CVD charts published by the WHO, about 48% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f17,282) of the study population had a low 10-year CVD risk (&amp;lt;10%), 41% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f14,554) had a mild risk (10\u201320%), 12% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f3,502) had a moderate risk (20\u201330%), and 1% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f431) had a high risk (&amp;gt;30%).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>More than half of the screening program participants were identified as having a 10-year CVD risk greater than 10%. Effective intervention focusing on the male population living in urban areas, and target on major risk factors like hypertension, smoking and diabetes can be strategic approach to reducing the CVD risk in Mongolia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1412262","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]],"date-time":"2025-06-11T01:14:13Z","timestamp":1749604453000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Distribution of 10-year cardiovascular disease risk levels in Mongolia: results from nation-wide health screening program"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Bayarbold","family":"Dangaa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Batzorig","family":"Bayartsogt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ariuntuya","family":"Tuvdendorj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enkhbold","family":"Sereejav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khurelbaatar","family":"Nyamdavaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Damdindorj","family":"Boldbaatar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enkhtur","family":"Yadamsuren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Otgonbat","family":"Altangerel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oyuntugs","family":"Byambasukh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Narantuya","family":"Davaakhuu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tumur-Ochir","family":"Tsedev-Ochir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mijidsuren","family":"Ganbat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Munkhtulga","family":"Gantulga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Davaalkham","family":"Dambadarjaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oyunsuren","family":"Enebish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":"Invisible numbers: The true extent of noncommunicable diseases and what to do about them","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"102","article-title":"Global action plan for the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases 2013-2020","year":"2013","journal-title":"World Heal Organ"},{"key":"ref3","volume-title":"Prevention of cardiovascular disease pocket guidelines for assessment and Management of Cardiovascular Risk Predicting","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref4","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref5","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref6","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref7","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref8","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref9","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1332","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(19)30318-3","article-title":"World Health Organization cardiovascular disease risk prediction charts: revised models to estimate risk in 21 global regions","volume":"7","author":"Kaptoge","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"ref11","volume-title":"HEARTS technical package for cardiovascular disease Management in Primary Health Care: Risk based CVD management","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.12631","article-title":"Association between particulate matter 2.5 and diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of cohort studies","volume":"8","author":"He","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Diabetes Investig"},{"key":"ref13","volume-title":"A case study compendium: Health innovation in the Western Pacific","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref14","volume-title":"Classification of diabetes mellitus","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref15","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2702","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.790048","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease and risk factors in Asia: a selected review","volume":"118","author":"Ueshima","year":"2008","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0229090","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0229090","article-title":"Smoking-attributable burden of lung cancer in Mongolia a data synthesis study on differences between men and women","volume":"15","author":"Tuvdendorj","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref18","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(15)00081-9","article-title":"A novel risk score to predict cardiovascular disease risk in national populations (Globorisk): a pooled analysis of prospective cohorts and health examination surveys","volume":"3","author":"Hajifathalian","year":"2015","journal-title":"The Lancet Diab Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e672","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(20)30191-2","article-title":"Cardiovascular risk factors in China: a nationwide population-based cohort study","volume":"5","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32007-0","article-title":"Variations in common diseases, hospital admissions, and deaths in middle-aged adults in 21 countries from five continents (PURE): A prospective cohort","volume":"395","author":"Dagenais","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i2416","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i2416","article-title":"Prediction models for cardiovascular disease risk in the general population: systematic review","volume":"353","author":"Damen","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref23","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref24","volume-title":"Noncommunicable diseases progress monitor 2022","year":"2024"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1747397","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764115200000}}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Public Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1412262\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T17:29:13Z","timestamp":1764178153000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1412262\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]]},"references-count":24,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1412262"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1412262","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2565","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]]},"article-number":"1412262"}}