{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T18:18:06Z","timestamp":1787509086336,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745452800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Illicit alcohol consumption is prevalent globally, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where formal regulatory systems are weak or less enforced. Consumption of illicit alcohol has serious consequences, both immediate and long-term.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine the socio-demographic and behavioral factors associated with the consumption of illicit alcohol among the patrons in selected urban and peri-urban areas in Zambia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a cross-sectional study. Illicit alcohol consumption status, socio-demographics and behavioral factors were assessed. Adjusted multivariable logistic regression was used to obtain odds ratios (AOR) at a 95% confidence interval (CI).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of the 416 patrons who participated, 71.2% consumed illicit alcohol (Men, 75.3% vs. women 54.7%). More than 66.8% reported needing a drink first thing in the morning, 50.2% have had problems with friends due to alcohol and 19% did indicate having visited the hospital due to a drinking problem. In multivariable analysis, factors significantly associated with decreased odds of illicit alcohol consumption were females (AOR) 0.38 (95% CI: 0.20\u20130.73,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.003), Ndola city (AOR\u202f=\u202f0.28, 95% CI: 0.12\u20130.62,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.002), drinking pattern of 2\u20133\u202fdays a month (AOR: 0.19, 95% CI: 0.06\u20130.53,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.002) and incomes above K10,000 (AOR: 0.40, 95% CI: 0.19\u20130.85,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.017). The inability to stop drinking (AOR\u202f=\u202f2.86, 95% CI: 1.22\u20136.69,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.016) had an increased odds of illicit alcohol consumption.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings underscore the high prevalence of illicit alcohol consumption among the patrons. Addressing illicit alcohol consumption requires a multifaceted set of interventions that consider the various factors contributing to alcohol misuse, and focuses on prevention, education, support, and community engagement.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1444304","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T01:29:53Z","timestamp":1745458193000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Illicit alcohol consumption and its associated factors among patrons in Zambia: a cross-sectional analytical study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Cosmas","family":"Zyambo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masauso Moses","family":"Phiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Zulu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Musawa","family":"Mukupa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kumbulani","family":"Mabanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tulani Francis 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