{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T17:40:09Z","timestamp":1793814009053,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]],"date-time":"2025-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737590400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to explore the characteristics of appearance-related distress and the relationship between appearance-related distress, anxiety and depression symptoms in Chinese patients with cleft lip (CL).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Derriford Appearance Scale 59 (DAS-59), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) were used to screen for appearance-related distress, anxiety, and depression symptoms in Chinese patients with CL, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 63 patients with CL, comprising 43 unilateral and 20 bilateral cases, and 64 individuals without CL in the control group were included in the study. Appearance-related distress was compared between patients with CL and non-cleft individuals. The relationship between appearance-related distress and two psychological symptoms was estimated. The DAS-59 scores in patients with CL were significantly higher than those in non-cleft individuals. The DAS-59 scores in patients with CL who had anxiety or depression symptoms were significantly higher than those without symptoms, and the DAS-59 scores were correlated with GAD-7 and PHQ-9 scores. After adjustment for demographic variables, the DAS-59 scores were also positively associated with GAD-7 and PHQ-9 scores in patients with CL.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>More significant appearance-related distress was observed in Chinese patients with CL compared to the control group, but it did not exhibit a correlation with the patients\u2019 diagnosis (unilateral or bilateral), sex, age, or other demographic characteristics. Furthermore, appearance-related distress plays a significant role in psychological symptoms and may serve as a predictor of anxiety and depressive symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1484025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]],"date-time":"2025-01-23T00:10:32Z","timestamp":1737591032000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Appearance-related distress impacts psychological symptoms in Chinese patients with cleft lip"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Yichun","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renjie","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaying","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhuojun","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Zong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiyao","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meijun","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiming","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiayi","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiali","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caixia","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanyao","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1773","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60695-4","article-title":"Cleft 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