{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T02:31:58Z","timestamp":1787538718020,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]],"date-time":"2025-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739145600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Forecasts indicate a substantial increase in the occurrence of eye injuries in future armed conflicts. The Russian invasion of Ukraine, launched in February 2022, caused numerous eye injuries among civilians as well as military personnel, generating a serious epidemiological threat related to vision loss. The main goal of this study was to analyze different eye traumas in the Ukrainian population caused by hostilities, which could allow for a relative estimate of the occurrence of long-term consequences for the health care system, such as loss of vision in a large group of citizens. To assess the scale and types of eye injuries, we analyzed around 500 eye images from 470 patients who were selected because they had sustained eye injuries and were treated at a single hospital. The findings reveal that the most prevalent types of injuries were macular disorders, accounting for 49% of cases, retinal vascular changes at 30.2%, and optic nerve disorders at 22.4%. Additionally, we observed different percentages of eye injuries in the military personnel group compared to civilians. These results highlight the significant impact of eye injuries caused by war operations on the health care system. However, further research and collaborative efforts are needed to fully assess the epidemiological burden and to inform the development of effective treatment and prevention strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1489445","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]],"date-time":"2025-02-10T13:32:15Z","timestamp":1739194335000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["War-related eye trauma: a study of civilian and military cases from Ukraine's ongoing conflict"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Kamil","family":"Jonak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Matysiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomasz","family":"Choragiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominika","family":"Nowakowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andriy","family":"Zimenkovsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Volodymyr","family":"Shybinskyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myroslawa","family":"Sekh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Karpi\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arkadiusz","family":"Podkowi\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Rejdak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6257(97)00022-2","article-title":"Eye injuries in twentieth century warfare: a historical perspective","volume":"41","author":"Wong","year":"1997","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-2391(97)90060-4","article-title":"Management of maxillofacial injuries in the Iran-Iraq War","volume":"55","author":"Akhlaghi","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillof Surg."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/164.11.780","article-title":"Penetrating eye injury in war","volume":"164","author":"Biehl","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mil Med."},{"key":"B4","first-page":"41","article-title":"Battlefield laser weapons: an assessment of systems, hazards, injuries and ophthalmic resources required for treatment","volume":"4","author":"Mellerio","year":"1991","journal-title":"Lasers Light Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TA.0000137753.44986.C0","article-title":"Ophthalmic care of the combat casualty","volume":"57","author":"Chalfin","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Trauma."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.21236\/ADA434144","volume-title":"Opthalmic Care of the Combat Casualty","author":"Lounsbury","year":"2003"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1136\/jramc-155-04-08","article-title":"Military ocular injury: presentation, assessment and management","volume":"155","author":"Blanch","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMJ Milit Health."},{"key":"B8","author":"Bowen","year":"1988","journal-title":"Emergency war Surgery"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1693","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.119.11.1693","article-title":"The nature, incidence, and impact of eye injuries among US military personnel: implications for prevention","volume":"119","author":"Andreotti","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1201\/b11719","volume-title":"Radiation Injury Prevention and Mitigation in Humans","author":"Prasad","year":"2012"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.2016150114","article-title":"Blast injuries: from improvised explosive device blasts to the Boston marathon bombing","volume":"36","author":"Singh","year":"2016","journal-title":"RadioGraphics."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6257(00)00112-0","article-title":"Laser eye injuries","volume":"44","author":"Barkana","year":"2000","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B13","first-page":"947","article-title":"Laser eye injuries in military occupations","volume":"74","author":"Harris","year":"2003","journal-title":"Aviat Space Environ Med."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19020619","article-title":"Post-traumatic stress disorder in people with visual impairment compared with the general population","volume":"19","author":"Bonsaksen","year":"2022","journal-title":"IJERPH."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1076\/opep.5.3.143.8364","article-title":"The global impact of eye injuries","volume":"5","author":"N\u00e9grel","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Epidemiol."},{"key":"B16","unstructured":"SSA Home | Index"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1097\/ICU.0b013e3283140e98","article-title":"Combat ocular trauma and systemic injury","volume":"19","author":"Weichel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Opin Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2022.06.004","article-title":"Ocular health and eye care services during the full-scale war in Ukraine","volume":"242","author":"Pavlenko","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B19","unstructured":"The International Agency for the Prevention of Blindness"},{"key":"B20","unstructured":"Surveillance System for Attacks on Health Care (SSA)"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1171954","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1171954","article-title":"Case report: Bilateral eye injuries in members of one family due to a cluster munition in Ukraine","volume":"10","author":"Nowomiejska","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Med."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3451","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-020-01359-z","article-title":"Incidence of ocular blast injuries in modern conflict","volume":"35","author":"McMaster","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eye."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optm.2006.03.015","article-title":"Eye injuries on the battlefields of Iraq and Afghanistan: public health implications","volume":"77","author":"Ari","year":"2006","journal-title":"Optometry."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2916","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/usac226","article-title":"Ocular trauma and traumatic brain injury on the battlefield: a systematic review after 20 years of fighting the global war on terror","volume":"188","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mil Med."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1097\/00004397-200207000-00018","article-title":"Combat eye trauma: intraocular foreign body injuries during the Iran-Iraq War (1980\u20131988)","volume":"42","author":"Nguyen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol Clin."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1097\/00004397-199503510-00020","article-title":"Combat-related eye trauma: a review of 5,320 cases","volume":"35","author":"Lashkari","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol Clin."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S20","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e3180653eb7","article-title":"Eye trauma management\u2014oif clinical considerations","volume":"62","author":"Johnson","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Trauma."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1753","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-011-1834-2","article-title":"Ocular trauma: from epidemiology to war-related injuries","volume":"249","author":"Kuhn","year":"2011","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B29","first-page":"31","article-title":"Military and civilian penetrating eye trauma: anesthetic implications","volume":"69","author":"Biehl","year":"2001","journal-title":"AANA J."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2005.07.018","article-title":"Ocular war injuries of the Iraqi insurgency, January\u2013September 2004","volume":"113","author":"Mader","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ophthalmology."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2020.02.001","article-title":"Ocular trauma in counter insurgency and proxy war environment: epidemiological study, 1992\u20132004","volume":"77","author":"Verma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med J Armed Forces India."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2019.10.014","article-title":"Comparing the management of eye injuries by coalition military surgeons during the Iraq and Afghanistan conflicts","volume":"127","author":"Breeze","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ophthalmology."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Public Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1489445\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]],"date-time":"2025-02-10T13:32:21Z","timestamp":1739194341000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1489445\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]]},"references-count":32,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1489445"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1489445","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2565","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]]},"article-number":"1489445"}}