{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,15]],"date-time":"2026-02-15T08:54:47Z","timestamp":1771145687414,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]],"date-time":"2025-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750636800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Radiation exposure during pregnancy poses serious risks to fetal health, including increased likelihood of miscarriage, preterm birth, congenital anomalies and developmental disorders, while also impacting maternal occupational safety. This study aimed to assess the concerns and needs of radiation practitioners regarding radiation exposure during the perinatal period, with a focus on radiation protection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A questionnaire survey of 147 radiation practitioners from public and private hospitals was conducted to assess their knowledge, concerns and needs regarding radiation protection during the peri-pregnancy period. Statistical analysis was used to compare the importance and implementation of radiation protection in different groups, and chi-squared tests were used to compare differences in policy implementation (public vs. private hospitals), attitudes toward radiation avoidance (male vs. female practitioners) and concerns about fetal exposure across age groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Public hospitals demonstrated higher rates of radiation protection policies (39.37%) than private hospitals (21.43%). Among female respondents, 95.12% advocated for temporary removal from radiation-related positions when preparing for pregnancy. Of those who gave birth while working in radiation fields, 26.53% ceased radiation work pre-pregnancy, 30.61% avoided it post-pregnancy and 42.85% did not avoid it. Additionally, 86.58% of female respondents emphasized the need to avoid radiation work during breastfeeding. Among the male participants, 47.83% expressed concern about radiation effects on their fetuses compared with 90% of the female participants.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Radiation protection measures were more effectively implemented in public hospitals than in other institutions, underscoring the need for standardized policies across all institutions. Female practitioners exhibited heightened concerns about radiation exposure of the fetus and infant, particularly during pregnancy and lactation. Strengthening policies and workplace adjustments are critical to mitigating occupational risks and safeguarding maternal and child health.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1501027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]],"date-time":"2025-06-23T04:10:30Z","timestamp":1750651830000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Investigation and analysis of the radiation protection status of radiation workers during the peri-pregnancy period"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Binghua","family":"Liang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaojian","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ziyao","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianwei","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icrp.2007.10.003","article-title":"The 2007 recommendations of the international commission on radiological protection. ICRP publication 103","volume":"37","author":"Valentin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann ICRP"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.7652\/jdyxb201703002","article-title":"Effects of exposure to special risk factors during the peri-pregnancy period on birth defects in newborns","volume":"38","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Xi\u2019an Jiaotong Univ"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2023.114213","article-title":"HBM4EU-MOM: prenatal methylmercury-exposure control in five countries through suitable dietary advice for pregnancy - study design and characteristics of participants","volume":"252","author":"Katsonouri","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Hyg Environ Health"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1002\/bdrc.20099","article-title":"Radiation effects on development","volume":"81","author":"De Santis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Birth Defects Res C Embryo Today"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.2095-5340.2019.01.001","article-title":"Current situation and prevention of birth defects","volume":"7","author":"Guan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Elect J Develop Med"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1542\/hpeds.2018-0008","article-title":"Radiation exposure of premature infants beyond the perinatal period","volume":"8","author":"Hogan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hosp Pediatr"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2017.08.010","article-title":"Radiological protection of foetuses and breast-fed children of occupationally exposed women in nuclear medicine - challenges for hospitals","volume":"43","author":"Alm\u00e9n","year":"2017","journal-title":"Phys Med"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2017.04.012","article-title":"Radiological protection for pregnant women at a large academic medical Cancer center","volume":"43","author":"Chu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Phys Med"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10732748241274595","DOI":"10.1177\/10732748241274595","article-title":"Protocol for evaluating the efficacy and safety of radiotherapy for prostate and Oligometastatic lesions in patients with low-burden sensitive Oligometastatic prostate Cancer: an open, exploratory pilot clinical trial","volume":"31","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Control"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.issn.0254-5098.2021.02.007","article-title":"Analysis of external exposure personal dose monitoring results of medical radiation workers in Jiangxi Province from 2014 to 2018","volume":"41","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chin J Radiol Med Prot"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1004-714X.2006.03.023","article-title":"Results and analysis of personal dose monitoring of radiotherapy and nuclear medicine practitioners in Jiangxi Province","volume":"15","author":"Xiong","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chin J Rad Health"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.11763\/j.issn.2095-2619.2014.05.009","article-title":"Analysis of radiation dose levels of radiotherapy and nuclear medicine workers in Guangdong Province from 2003 to 2012","volume":"5","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chin Occup Med"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/s13037-016-0115-8","article-title":"Intraoperative radiation safety in orthopaedics: a review of the ALARA (as low as reasonably achievable) principle","volume":"10","author":"Kaplan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Patient Saf Surg"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icrp.2012.09.001","article-title":"ICRP PUBLICATION 120: radiological protection in cardiology","volume":"42","author":"Cousins","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann ICRP"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.47263\/JASEM.4(2)01","article-title":"Sample size for survey research: review and recommendations","volume":"4","author":"Memon","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Appl Struct Equ Model"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1177\/0146645318764091","article-title":"Human individual radiation sensitivity and prospects for prediction","volume":"47","author":"Rajaraman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann ICRP"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/s00411-020-00837-y","article-title":"Individual response of humans to ionising radiation: governing factors and importance for radiological protection","volume":"59","author":"Applegate","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiat Environ Biophys"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1667\/RADE-24-00095.1","article-title":"Mitigation of fetal radiation injury from mid-gestation Total-body irradiation by maternal Administration of Mitochondrial-Targeted GS-Nitroxide JP4-039","volume":"202","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Radiat Res"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-024-11369-2","article-title":"Enhancing radiation safety awareness and practices among female radiographers: a comprehensive approach","volume":"24","author":"Almohammed","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1136\/ijgc-2018-000061","article-title":"Management of cancer during pregnancy and current evidence of obstetric, neonatal and pediatric outcome: a review article","volume":"29","author":"Maggen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Cancer"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.11763\/j.issn.2095-2619.2017.05.026","article-title":"Estimation of radiation dose to patients and radiation workers caused by (18) F-FDG during PET\/CT examination","volume":"44","author":"Kong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chin Occup Med"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.19428\/j.cnki.sjpm.2021.20866","article-title":"Analysis of peripheral blood counts of radiation workers in medical institutions in Yangpu District, Shanghai from 2017 to 2019","volume":"33","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Shanghai J Prev Med"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.16781\/j.CN31-2187\/R.20210715","article-title":"Analysis of radiation dose to the environment and related workers during PET-CT examination of patients with malignant tumors","volume":"43","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Second Mil Med Univ"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jradnu.2023.07.005","article-title":"Fetal dosimeter access, usage, and training among pregnant radiographers in South Africa","volume":"42","author":"Essop","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Radiol Nurs"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2014.11.026","article-title":"Occupational radiation protection of pregnant or potentially pregnant workers in IR: a joint guideline of the Society of Interventional Radiology and the cardiovascular and interventional radiological Society of Europe","volume":"26","author":"Dauer","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.issn.0254-5098.2004.01.041","article-title":"Principles of occupational radiation protection for women","volume":"24","author":"Liu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Chin J Radiol Med Protect"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.2095-1752.2017.33.311","article-title":"Research progress on occupational protection of radiotherapy nurses during pregnancy","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med Front"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1007-8517.2011.01.067","article-title":"Survey on the current status of occupational protection of pregnant nurses in operating rooms","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Public Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1501027\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]],"date-time":"2025-06-23T04:10:40Z","timestamp":1750651840000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1501027\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]]},"references-count":28,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1501027"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1501027","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2565","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]]},"article-number":"1501027"}}