{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T19:13:22Z","timestamp":1792696402053,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]],"date-time":"2025-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737590400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tracheal, bronchus, and lung (TBL) cancer attributable to ambient particulate matter pollution (APMP) is a growing global health concern, particularly in individuals aged 70 and above. This study aims to evaluate past trends, identify key drivers, and project future disease burden.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 was analyzed for TBL cancer-related disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and mortality from 1990 to 2021, stratified by SDI regions. Statistical methods, including Joinpoint regression, age-period-cohort modeling, and decomposition analysis, were used to identify temporal trends and drivers of DALYs. Future projections were made using the Nordpred model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>From 1990 to 2021, global DALYs of TBL cancer due to APMP increased steadily (AAPC 0.75%). Population growth was the main driver, accounting for 79.37% of the increase, with epidemiological factors playing a varying role across regions. The highest DALY growth was observed in middle SDI regions (AAPC 2.99%), while high SDI regions saw a decline (AAPC \u22121.76%). Projections up to 2044 suggest a substantial increase in DALYs across all SDI regions, with the fastest growth expected among individuals aged 70\u201374, but DALY rates are projected to decline steadily.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Population growth is the primary factor driving the increase in DALYs associated with TBL cancer, with significant regional disparities. Projections suggest a continued rise in disease burden, particularly in lower SDI regions, underlining the urgency for targeted public health interventions and strategies to mitigate exposure and improve healthcare outcomes for at-risk populations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1524534","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]],"date-time":"2025-01-23T07:00:20Z","timestamp":1737615620000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Global, regional, and national burden of tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer attributable to ambient particulate matter pollution among adults aged 70 and above in 1990\u20132021 and projected to 2044"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Ke-Jie","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haitao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianguang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guoyu","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660","article-title":"Global Cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"71","author":"Sung","year":"2021","journal-title":"CA Cancer J 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