{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T16:30:43Z","timestamp":1753893043866,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]],"date-time":"2025-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747267200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Depression and anxiety (D&amp;amp;A) are currently recognized as complex and prevalent mental disorders that pose major threats to mental health. Women are more susceptible to D&amp;amp;A than men.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We collected data from female participants in Shanxi Province between November 2021 and March 2022 through on-site investigations and an online survey. The survey collected information on sociodemographic traits, lifestyle factors, and physical and mental health. The degree of D&amp;amp;A was evaluated using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CESD-10) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Assessment Scale (GAD-7). We assessed the impact of these factors on D&amp;amp;A symptoms among women using regression and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>D&amp;amp;A symptoms had many common influencing factors. Regression analysis identified key protective factors against D&amp;amp;A, including better self-rated health (Depression: OR\u202f=\u202f0.11, 95% CI\u202f=\u202f0.03\u20130.47; Anxiety: OR\u202f=\u202f0.11, 95% CI\u202f=\u202f0.02\u20130.57) and the absence of recent illness (Depression: OR\u202f=\u202f0.56, 95% CI\u202f=\u202f0.38\u20130.83; Anxiety: OR\u202f=\u202f0.49, 95% CI\u202f=\u202f0.35\u20130.70). Age exhibited marginal protective effects for both conditions (OR\u202f=\u202f0.99, 95% CI\u202f=\u202f0.98\u20131.00). In contrast, occupational stress constituted a significant risk factor, substantially increasing the likelihood of depression (OR\u202f=\u202f2.66, 95% CI\u202f=\u202f1.43\u20134.96) and anxiety (OR\u202f=\u202f2.99, 95% CI\u202f=\u202f1.43\u20134.96). FsQCA analysis did not identify the conditions for ideal mental health (all consistency &amp;lt; 0.9). However, it did identify eight condition configurations predicting mental health (absence of depression symptoms), each achieving consistency \u22650.87. Additionally, two distinct configurations explained resilience to anxiety (consistency \u22650.80). All configurations met fsQCA\u2019s consistency requirements, with self-rated health (present in 10\/10 pathways), social support (9\/10), and marital status (9\/10) playing important roles in most configurations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Women\u2019s mental health faces significant challenges, with D&amp;amp;A being closely intertwined. FsQCA did not identify any specific condition for the absence of D&amp;amp;A symptoms. However, it revealed multiple pathways to mental well-being, highlighting the need for personalized, multifactorial interventions rather than a one-size-fits-all approach. Regression and fsQCA complement each other, offering unique strengths, and their combined insights should be widely applied to broader research and practice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1531431","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]],"date-time":"2025-05-15T04:12:09Z","timestamp":1747282329000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The improvement path of depression and anxiety among adult women in Shanxi Province, China: a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Dahong","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guangxian","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sitian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mengxia","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qilong","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(19)30132-4","article-title":"The lancet psychiatry commission: a blueprint for protecting physical health in people with mental illness","volume":"6","author":"Firth","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-015-0591-z","article-title":"Assessment and treatment of anxiety disorders in children and adolescents","volume":"17","author":"Wehry","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Psychiatry Rep"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(21)00395-3","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of 12 mental disorders in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2019","volume":"9","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1186\/s43045-023-00315-3","article-title":"Epidemiology of anxiety disorders: global burden and sociodemographic associations","volume":"30","author":"Javaid","year":"2023","journal-title":"Middle East Current Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.03.011","article-title":"Burden of depression in China, 1990-2017: findings from the global burden of disease study 2017","volume":"268","author":"Ren","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.11847\/zgggws1137708","article-title":"Disease burden of anxiety disorders in China in 1990 and 2019: a comparative analysis among global regions with different sociodemographic index","volume":"39","author":"Xia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin J Public Health"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e54","DOI":"10.1192\/j.eurpsy.2021.2229","article-title":"Excess mortality in depressive and anxiety disorders: the lifelines cohort study","volume":"64","author":"Oude Voshaar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-019-0595-x","article-title":"Depression and anxiety in relation to cancer incidence and mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies","volume":"25","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1111\/camh.12647","article-title":"Debate: Don\u2019t mind the gap - 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