{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T05:41:24Z","timestamp":1791610884254,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,8]],"date-time":"2025-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744070400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mass gathering activities are often accompanied by safety risks especially overcrowding, since the characteristics of risk factors may differ under various organizational patterns. However, this issue has not been sufficiently studied, which could lead to cognitive biases in understanding the risks associated with various mass gathering activities, thereby affecting the effectiveness of preventive measures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study investigates the risk factors of human stampede in mass gathering activities, with a particular focus on analyzing the influence of different organizational patterns on these risks and their implications for safety management. By combining Grounded Theory and Iterative Self-Organizing Clustering Algorithm (ISODATA), 209 overcrowding cases were coded to create a dataset containing risk factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Result<\/jats:title><jats:p>The organization coefficient was proposed to characterize the degree of risk in different clusters, and the clustering results revealed three types of organizational patterns including organized(<jats:inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:msub><mml:mi>O<\/mml:mi><mml:mn>31<\/mml:mn><\/mml:msub><\/mml:math><\/jats:inline-formula>=1.9174), applied(<jats:inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:msub><mml:mi>O<\/mml:mi><mml:mn>82<\/mml:mn><\/mml:msub><\/mml:math><\/jats:inline-formula>=2.9831), and spontaneous(<jats:inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:msub><mml:mi>O<\/mml:mi><mml:mn>73<\/mml:mn><\/mml:msub><\/mml:math><\/jats:inline-formula>=4.4327).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results indicate significant differences between the three organizational patterns in terms of aggregation causes, layout characteristics, and risk levels, which directly impacts the safety of mass gathering activities. Furthermore, similarities are observed in terms of triggering behaviors, knowledge, awareness, and management across the four categories. This study provides theoretical evidence for risk prevention and safety management of human stampede in mass gathering.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1555735","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]],"date-time":"2025-04-09T09:04:56Z","timestamp":1744189496000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Research on risk factors of human stampede in mass gathering activities considering organizational patterns"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Ying","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingwen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weihui","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bingxue","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaofang","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weisheng","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1080\/09669582.2019.1604718","article-title":"Factors influencing visitor travel to festivals: challenges in encouraging sustainable travel","volume":"27","author":"Collins","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Sustain Tour"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100888","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmp.2021.100888","article-title":"Perceived crowding and festival experience: the moderating effect of visitor-to-visitor interaction","volume":"40","author":"Cheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Tour Manag Perspect"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1804","DOI":"10.1080\/09669582.2018.1533020","article-title":"Overtourism, optimisation, and destination performance indicators: a case study of activities in fjord Norway","volume":"27","author":"Oklevik","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Sustain Tour"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1080\/09669580608669060","article-title":"Problematising \u2018festival tourism\u2019: arts festivals and sustainable development in Ireland","volume":"14","author":"Quinn","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Sustain Tour"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/09669582.2024.2390579","article-title":"The awe-habitual model: exploring tourists\u2019 pro-environmental behaviors in religious settings","volume":"32","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Sustain Tour"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102524","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2022.102524","article-title":"Global mass gathering events and deaths due to crowd surge, stampedes, crush and physical injuries - lessons from the Seoul Halloween and other disasters","volume":"52","author":"Sharma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Travel Med Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2017.06.013","article-title":"How are risks generated, developed and amplified? Case study of the crowd collapse at Shanghai bund on 31 December 2014","volume":"24","author":"Zhou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Disaster Risk Reduct"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2022.103111","article-title":"Risk analysis of stampede in sporting venues based on catastrophe theory and Bayesian network","volume":"78","author":"Hu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Disaster Risk Reduct"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2016.09.002","article-title":"The impact of crowd control measures on the occurrence of stampedes during mass gatherings: the hajj experience","volume":"15","author":"Alaska","year":"2017","journal-title":"Travel Med Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/currents.dis.ab7f298c89854015b74856232c70b62c","article-title":"Comparing two epidemiologic surveillance methods to assess underestimation of human stampedes in India","volume":"5","author":"Ming","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Curr"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proeng.2012.08.085","article-title":"Research and application on risk assessment Dea model of crowd crushing and trampling accidents in Subway stations","volume":"43","author":"Yan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc Eng"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.16265\/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2018.11.026","article-title":"Research on intelligent early-warning of crowded stampede accidents vulnerable areas in Subway","volume":"28","author":"Qiquan","year":"2018","journal-title":"China Safety Sci J"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1007\/s11069-017-2785-7","article-title":"The occurrence Laws of campus stampede accidents in China and its prevention and control measures","volume":"87","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Hazards"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.13578\/j.cnki.issn.1671-1556.2018.04.024","article-title":"Causation analysis of stampede accidents on primary and middle school campus based on the Fta-Ahp method","volume":"25","author":"Shang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Safety Environ Eng"},{"key":"ref15","first-page":"86","article-title":"Research on the current situation and countermeasures of risk assessment for spontaneous crowd gathering in China","volume":"31","author":"Shuting","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Hubei Univ Police"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.15885\/j.cnki.cn11-4683\/z.2019.05.015","article-title":"Responsibility of government public safety Management in Large-Scale Mass Gathering Activities: genealogy and process based on analysis of legal text and stamped incidents","volume":"19","author":"Boyan","year":"2019","journal-title":"China Dev"},{"key":"ref17","first-page":"100","article-title":"Formation path and prevention countermeasures of stampedes caused by spontaneous public gatherings based on a framework for the \u201cthree-stage chained process\u201d analysis","volume":"6","author":"Yue","year":"2023","journal-title":"J China Emerg Manag Sci"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.17559\/tv-20200626194044","article-title":"The mechanism of crowd stampede based on case statistics through SNA method","volume":"28","author":"Guo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Tehnicki Vjesnik"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2018.06.001","article-title":"From the \"madding crowd\" to mass gatherings-religion, sport, culture and public health","volume":"28","author":"Ahmed","year":"2019","journal-title":"Travel Med Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2013.09.003","article-title":"Human stampedes during religious festivals: a comparative review of mass gathering emergencies in India","volume":"5","author":"Illiyas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Disaster Risk Reduct"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnlssr.2022.10.004","article-title":"Review of analyses on crowd-gathering risk and its evaluation methods","volume":"4","author":"Weng","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Safety Sci Resilience"},{"key":"ref22","first-page":"81","article-title":"Discussion on cause mechanism of crowd crushing and trampling accident in large-scale public places","volume":"18","author":"Qingsong","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Nat Disasters"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1140\/epjds7","article-title":"Crowd disasters as systemic failures: analysis of the love parade disaster","volume":"1","author":"Helbing","year":"2012","journal-title":"EPJ Data Sci"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.19828\/j.issn1673-2391.2020.01.003","article-title":"Risk assessment of crowded stampede accident in large-scale events in urban public places","volume":"33","author":"Wenjing","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Hubei Univ Police"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ergon.2023.103481","article-title":"Research on the classification and control of human factor characteristics of coal mine accidents based on K-means clustering analysis","volume":"97","author":"Miao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Ind Ergon"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2016.07.014","article-title":"Analysis of the \u2018news divine\u2019 stampede disaster","volume":"91","author":"Santos-Reyes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Saf Sci"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4245","DOI":"10.1109\/tia.2015.2431645","article-title":"The development of questions to determine the effectiveness of the incident investigation process for electrical incidents","volume":"51","author":"Jooma","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Ind Appl"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101936","DOI":"10.1016\/j.simpat.2019.101936","article-title":"An emotional contagion based simulation for emergency evacuation peer behavior decision","volume":"96","author":"Mao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Simul Model Pract Theory"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2021.102368","article-title":"Preparedness for mass gatherings: planning elements identified through the Delphi process","volume":"61","author":"Koski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Disaster Risk Reduct"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732305285972","article-title":"Grounded theory: An exploration of process and procedure","volume":"16","author":"Walker","year":"2006","journal-title":"Qual Health Res"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.7748\/ns.29.1.37.e9073","article-title":"Grounded theory","volume":"29","author":"Harris","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nurs Stand"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2022.108498","article-title":"On the causation of seafarers\u2019 unsafe acts using grounded theory and association rule","volume":"223","author":"Lan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Reliabil Eng Syst Safety"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ergon.2021.103228","article-title":"Application of HFACS and grounded theory for identifying risk factors of air traffic controllers\u2019 unsafe acts","volume":"86","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Ind Ergon"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18020410","article-title":"Exploring precursors of construction accidents in China: a grounded theory approach","volume":"18","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnlssr.2022.03.006","article-title":"Risk assessment of large-scale winter sports sites in the context of a natural disaster","volume":"3","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Safety Sci Resilience"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119702","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.119702","article-title":"An improved convolutional network capturing spatial heterogeneity and correlation for crowd flow prediction","volume":"220","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Expert Syst Appl"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2379","DOI":"10.1111\/risa.13132","article-title":"A risk assessment approach for evaluating the impact of toxic contaminants released indoors by considering various emergency ventilation and evacuation strategies","volume":"38","author":"Zeng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Risk Anal"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104785","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2020.104785","article-title":"Analysis of influencing factors in pre-evacuation time using interpretive structural modeling","volume":"128","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Saf Sci"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.11731\/j.issn.1673-193x.2022.08.028","article-title":"Diagnosis model of pitting corrosion at bottom of storage tank based on improved K-means and Cnn","volume":"18","author":"Xinying","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Safety Sci Technol"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2022.103339","article-title":"Analyzing dynamic risk of stampede in stadium: a quantitative method considering the various status of risk factors in whole process","volume":"82","author":"Lu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Disaster Risk Reduct"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.13578\/j.cnki.issn.1671-1556.2019.05.022","article-title":"Risk analysis of stampede accidents in crowded places based on Haddon matrix and ism","volume":"26","author":"Siyu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Safety Environ Eng"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1666","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.03.025","article-title":"The statistical analysis of highway crash-injury severities: a review and assessment of methodological alternatives","volume":"43","author":"Savolainen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Accid Anal Prev"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amar.2023.100292","article-title":"How heterogeneity has been examined in transportation safety analysis: a review of latent class modeling applications","volume":"40","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anal Methods Accid Res"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2012.10.016","article-title":"Analysis of traffic accidents on rural highways using latent class clustering and Bayesian networks","volume":"51","author":"Ona","year":"2013","journal-title":"Accid Anal Prev"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physa.2016.11.048","article-title":"Long-range dependence and time-clustering behavior in pedestrian movement patterns in stampedes: the love parade case-study","volume":"469","author":"Lian","year":"2017","journal-title":"Phys A Statist Mech Appl"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2015.09.025","article-title":"Risk factors affecting fatal bus accident severity: their impact on different types of bus drivers","volume":"86","author":"Feng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Accid Anal Prev"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amar.2021.100159","article-title":"Modeling accident risks in different lane-changing behavioral patterns","volume":"30","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anal Methods Accid Res"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2023.07.014","article-title":"Fall and collision related injuries among pedestrians, sickness absence and associations with accident type and occupation","volume":"86","author":"Bergsten","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Saf Res"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101752","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aei.2022.101752","article-title":"Identification of accident-injury type and Bodypart factors from construction accident reports: a graph-based deep learning framework","volume":"54","author":"Pan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv Eng Inform"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2019.06.034","article-title":"Predicting types of occupational accidents at construction sites in Korea using random Forest model","volume":"120","author":"Kang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Saf Sci"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105522","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2021.105522","article-title":"Predicting multiple types of traffic accident severity with explanations: a multi-task deep learning framework","volume":"146","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Saf Sci"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2008.01.007","article-title":"Traffic accident segmentation by means of latent class clustering","volume":"40","author":"Depaire","year":"2008","journal-title":"Accid Anal Prev"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2021.102581","article-title":"Human stampede causative factors and cluster risk: a multi-dimensional analysis based on Isodata and fuzzy theory","volume":"66","author":"Lu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Disaster Risk Reduct"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1080\/01969727308546046","article-title":"A fuzzy relative of the ISO data process and its use in detecting compact well-separated clusters","volume":"3","author":"Dunn","year":"1973","journal-title":"J Cybern"},{"key":"ref55","first-page":"64","article-title":"Influencing factors in evolution of major group events \u2014a study based on the grounded theory","volume":"31","author":"Liangyun","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Intelligence"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.3724\/SP.J.1042.2022.00511","article-title":"Concepts and evaluation of saturation in qualitative research","volume":"30","author":"Liping","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv Psychol Sci"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1017\/dmp.2014.24","article-title":"An analysis of mass casualty incidents in the setting of mass gatherings and special events","volume":"8","author":"Turris","year":"2014","journal-title":"Disaster Med Public Health Prep"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.2191620","article-title":"Crowd disasters as systemic failures: analysis of the love parade disaster","volume":"1","author":"Dirk Helbing","year":"2012","journal-title":"EPJ Data Sci"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1017\/S1049023X18001073","article-title":"Human stampedes: An updated review of current literature","volume":"34","author":"de Almeida","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prehosp Disaster Med"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"012071","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/2137\/1\/012071","article-title":"Research on density-based K-means clustering algorithm","volume":"2137","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Phys"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2012.01.005","article-title":"Feature selection based on sensitivity analysis of fuzzy Isodata","volume":"85","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"key":"ref62","first-page":"2982","article-title":"Reliability evaluation of Subway operation based on copula time-dependent model","volume":"21","author":"Wen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Technol Eng"},{"key":"ref63","first-page":"53","article-title":"Beyond the curse of multidimensionality: high dimensional clustering in test mining","volume":"22","author":"Balbi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Statist Appl"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmp.2024.101320","article-title":"Children's learning processes in family travel: a narrative review through a social cognitive Lens. Tourism management","volume":"54","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Perspectives"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1000-4335.2023.01.006","article-title":"Taking the stampede accident in Itaewon, Seoul, South Korea as an example, this paper introduces the risk prevention practices in places where people gather","volume":"1","author":"Qiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lab Prot"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjtee.2016.08.005","article-title":"Emergency preparedness for mass gatherings: lessons of \"12.31\" stampede in Shanghai bund","volume":"20","author":"Dong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chin J Traumatol"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aogh.2016.12.001","article-title":"Mass gatherings and public health: case studies from the hajj to Mecca","volume":"83","author":"Rahman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Glob Health"},{"key":"ref68","first-page":"29","article-title":"Rules and causes of crowd stampede accidents based on co-word and social network analysis","volume":"32","author":"Yu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Wuhan Univ Technol"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17041361","article-title":"Preparedness for mass gatherings: factors to consider according to the rescue authorities","volume":"17","author":"Koski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Public Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1555735\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]],"date-time":"2025-04-09T09:05:03Z","timestamp":1744189503000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1555735\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,8]]},"references-count":69,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1555735"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1555735","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2565","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,8]]},"article-number":"1555735"}}