{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T14:46:12Z","timestamp":1780584372738,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755734400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Preventive measures have been implemented in hospitals during COVID-19, but how these guidelines affected mental health among healthcare workers (HCWs) remains to be determined. On another note, reliable psychological and blood-based markers are needed to promptly identify HCWs at-risk to develop distress. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) originating from brain cross the blood\u2013brain barrier and are detectable in blood, giving them a highly valuable potential for biomarker discovery. In HCWs with or without psychological distress, we investigated how perceived stress during COVID-19 impacted mental health. We then longitudinally evaluated the inflammatory cargo from neuron-, astrocyte-, and microglial-derived EVs that may be associated with psychological distress.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our prospective study that included an initial visit (02\/2021\u201308\/2021), and two follow-up visits 3 and 6\u202fmonths later (last visit; 03\/2022). HCWs (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u202f=\u202f15) completed questionnaires for perception of risk, COVID-19-specific posttraumatic symptomatology, psychological distress and burnout, as well as sleep quality. Blood was collected at each visit to characterizing inflammation from brain-derived EVs. Multiple regressions were conducted for all psychological\/biological parameters based on the HCWs\u2019 final score for psychological distress.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Onset of psychological distress was associated early hyperarousal. Moreover, severe distress was associated with increased astrocyte-specific levels of anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 and pro-inflammatory interferon-\u0263.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings\u2014that need to be replicated in larger studies\u2014suggest that early hyperarousal may be predictive of later onset of psychological distress in HCWs. They also unravel a novel area of biomarker discovery study in psychiatry as inflammation from brain-derived EVs could help targeting \u201cat-risk\u201d individuals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1560129","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T04:12:12Z","timestamp":1755749532000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Mental health among healthcare workers during COVID-19: a study to oversee the impact of the risk perception and relationship with inflammation from blood-based extracellular vesicles"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Coraline","family":"Canivet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thalie","family":"H\u00e9bert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Boilard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles M.","family":"Morin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Deslauriers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","article-title":"Canadian Medical Association (CMA). 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