{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T17:19:30Z","timestamp":1791566370731,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753315200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The use of tobacco among adolescents in low- and middle-income countries is a public health issue of concern. The tobacco industry\u2019s aggressive marketing tactics target young people in African countries, leading to early initiation of tobacco use. While existing evidence focuses on 13-15-year-olds, data from Sub-Saharan Africa indicates that smoking initiation ranges from as young as 7\u202fyears old to around 16\u202fyears old. The lack of data on adolescent tobacco use in African countries limits policymakers\u2019 ability to implement evidence-based tobacco control policies. This study aims to address the critical lack of quality and timely primary data on adolescent tobacco use, thereby enhancing the country\u2019s capacity to target interventions effectively, engage local governments, and attract global attention and funding for adolescent health initiatives.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We will conduct a cross-sectional nationwide survey among adolescents aged 10\u201317\u202fyears in urban and rural areas of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Kenya and Nigeria. This household-based survey will utilize a multi-stage stratified sample design to ensure representation across diverse geographic and demographic characteristics. The sample size calculations resulted in nationally representative samples of 6,701 adolescents in Kenya, 4,803 adolescents in the DRC, and 7,948 adolescents in Nigeria.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Through this initiative, we aim to catalyze action at national and international levels to combat the tobacco epidemic among adolescents in Sub Saharan Africa. The findings from the study will empower stakeholders to advocate effective tobacco control measures, promote adolescent health, and safeguard future generations from the harmful effects of tobacco use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1562352","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T13:43:17Z","timestamp":1753364597000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Use of tobacco and nicotine products among adolescents in Sub-Saharan Africa: protocol for a population-based multi-country household survey"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Lyagamula","family":"Kisia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shukri F.","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grace","family":"Kyule","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christelle","family":"Tchoup\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olatunbosun","family":"Abolarin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Retselisitsoe","family":"Pokothoane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terefe","family":"Gelibo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Iddi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boscow","family":"Okumu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nelson","family":"Mbaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Damazo T.","family":"Kadengye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Didier M.","family":"Mirindi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akinsewa","family":"Akiode","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thompson","family":"Ademola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uche","family":"Okezie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noreen Dadirai","family":"Mdege","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":"Enqu\u00eate par grappes \u00e0 indicateurs multiples 2017 - 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Accessed"},{"key":"ref23","volume-title":"Studies in Methods: Designing Household Survey Samples: Practical Guidelines","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref24","volume-title":"ENQUETE DE COUVERTURE VACCINALE CHEZ LES ENFANTS DE 6-23 MOIS En R\u00e9publique D\u00e9mocratique du Congo 2021","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref25","volume-title":"2019 KENYA POPULATION AND HOUSING CENSUS: Volume 1","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref26","volume-title":"2018 Demographic and Health Survey Key Findings Nigeria","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref27","volume-title":"National Youth Tobacco Survey (NYTS) 2022 Questionnaire Thank You Very Much For Your Help","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref28","volume-title":"Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) Core Questionnaire with Optional Questions GYTS Core Questionnaire with Optional Questions GYTS Sample Design and Weights GYTS Implementation Instructions GYTS Analysis and Reporting Package GYTS Data Dissemination Guida","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref29","volume-title":"Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) Core Questionnaire with Optional Questions","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref30","volume-title":"Use of e-cigarettes (vapes) among young people in Great Britain","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref31","article-title":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","volume-title":"Tobacco Questions for Surveys of Youth (TQS-Youth) A Subset of Key Questions from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS)","year":"2019"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Public Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1562352\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T13:43:21Z","timestamp":1753364601000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1562352\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]]},"references-count":31,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1562352"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1562352","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2024.05.21.24307670","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2296-2565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2565","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]]},"article-number":"1562352"}}