{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T04:55:09Z","timestamp":1789016109909,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747094400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100029593","name":"National Stone, Sand and Gravel Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100029593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>There is evidence to support several modes of action (MoAs), and particularly non-genotoxic MoAs, for mesothelioma induced by asbestiform elongate mineral particles (EMPs). In turn, these MoAs provide biological support for dose-response relationships that are non-linear and that include a threshold. However, statistical models of human data have not adequately addressed threshold dose-response relationships for asbestiform EMPs and mesothelioma. In addition, unlike other carcinogens, asbestiform EMPs are not uniform materials and display a range of properties.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our objective was to review various approaches for applying threshold dose-response models to asbestiform EMPs and mesothelioma.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We collected data from several sources, including the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program and published case-control studies, cohort studies, and a meta-analysis that evaluated various mineral types of asbestos and mesothelioma risk. Several threshold-based models were fit to the available data. We also evaluated thresholds for certain fiber characteristics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Certain characteristics of asbestiform EMPs, such as width, length, and surface area, likely have thresholds for mesothelioma. Theoretical models and models based on epidemiology data supported thresholds. A Monte Carlo evaluation of the threshold hypothesis for mesothelioma in a meta-analysis of occupational exposures to various mineral fiber types, using a cumulative exposure metric, demonstrated the likelihood of a threshold to be 72% for non-textile chrysotile, 80.9% for textile chrysotile, 84% for amosite, and 60% for crocidolite. A multi-stage clonal expansion (MSCE) model applied to the SEER mesothelioma registry data demonstrated a good fit with the inclusion of a threshold by a surrogate predictor of cumulative exposure to amphiboles. Finally, lung burden studies also support a threshold. Our preliminary estimate of a central-tendency cumulative exposure threshold level for non-textile chrysotile is ~90 f\/cc-years. Based on our proposed approach, we suggest thresholds of 1.04 f\/cc-years for amosite, 0.25 f\/cc-years for crocidolite, and 4.3\u201310.9 f\/cc-years for tremolite. Future studies should be conducted to support these estimates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>While uncertainties remain, many angles of scientific evidence support the existence of mineral-specific thresholds for mesothelioma.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1569343","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T05:29:58Z","timestamp":1747114198000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Comparison of various methodological approaches to model asbestos thresholds for mesothelioma"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Julie E.","family":"Goodman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrey","family":"Korchevskiy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann G.","family":"Wylie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-009-9357-4","article-title":"Ionizing radiation: a risk factor for mesothelioma","volume":"20","author":"Goodman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-1172-3-34","article-title":"Malignant mesothelioma","volume":"3","author":"Moore","year":"2008","journal-title":"Orphanet J Rare Dis."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2011-0039-RA","article-title":"Mesothelioma not associated with asbestos exposure","volume":"136","author":"Jasani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.3109\/08958378.2015.1118172","article-title":"Historical ambient airborne asbestos concentrations in the United States - An analysis of published and unpublished literature (1960s-2000s)","volume":"27","author":"Abelmann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Inhal Toxicol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.35122\/001c.70352","article-title":"Diagnostic limitations of lung fiber counts in asbestos-related diseases","author":"Schneider","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Sci. Pract. Integ"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4878(00)00045-4","article-title":"The quantitative risks of mesothelioma and lung cancer in relation to asbestos exposure","volume":"44","author":"Hodgson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Occup Hyg."},{"key":"B7","volume-title":"Review of Fibre Toxicology","author":"Meldrum","year":"1996"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1002\/path.4075","article-title":"Iron overload signature in chrysotile-induced malignant mesothelioma","volume":"228","author":"Jiang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Pathol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1038\/srep01123","article-title":"The interaction of asbestos and iron in lung tissue revealed by synchrotron-based scanning X-ray microscopy","volume":"3","author":"Pascolo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.97105s51013","article-title":"Surface reactivity in the pathogenic response to particulates","volume":"105","author":"Fubini","year":"1997","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1080\/08958370490258390","article-title":"Exposure to concentrated ambient particles (CAPs): a review","volume":"16","author":"Ghio","year":"2004","journal-title":"Inhal Toxicol."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/S1567-5769(01)00172-2","article-title":"Diseases caused by asbestos: mechanisms of injury and disease development","volume":"2","author":"Manning","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4911","DOI":"10.1080\/10408444.2019.1568385","article-title":"The toxicology of chrysotile-containing brake debris: implications for mesothelioma","author":"Poland","year":"2019","journal-title":"Crit Rev Toxicol."},{"key":"B14","first-page":"219","article-title":"Asbestos (chrysotile, amosite, crocidolite, tremolite, actinolite, and anthophyllite)","year":"2012","journal-title":"IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans Volume 100: A Review of Human Carcinogens. Part C: Arsenic, Metals, Fibres, and Dusts"},{"key":"B15","first-page":"1","article-title":"Mechanisms of asbestos-induced carcinogenesis","volume":"71","author":"Toyokuni","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nagoya J Med Sci."},{"key":"B16","first-page":"793","article-title":"Toxic responses of the respiratory system","volume-title":"Casarett and Doull's Toxicology: The Basic Science of Poisons","author":"Leikauf","year":"2019"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1021\/tx600354f","article-title":"Iron-loaded synthetic chrysotile: a new model solid for studying the role of iron in asbestos toxicity","volume":"20","author":"Gazzano","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chem Res Toxicol."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2004-0133OC","article-title":"Role of iron in inactivation of epidermal growth factor receptor after asbestos treatment of human lung and pleural target cells","volume":"32","author":"Baldys","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2142","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.2008.00934.x","article-title":"Characteristics and modifying factors of asbestos-induced oxidative DNA damage","volume":"99","author":"Jiang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer Sci."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1158\/1940-6207.CAPR-15-0347","article-title":"Inflammation-related IL1\u03b2\/IL1R signaling promotes the development of asbestos-induced malignant mesothelioma","volume":"9","author":"Kadariya","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Prev Res (Phila)."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114753","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114753","article-title":"Quantitative assessment of mesothelioma and lung cancer risk based on Phase Contrast Microscopy (PCM) estimates of fibre exposure: An update of 2000 asbestos cohort data","volume":"230","author":"Darnton","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ Res."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470061596.risk0253","article-title":"Benchmark analysis","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of Quantitative Risk Analysis and Assessment.","author":"Crump","year":"2008"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1080\/10408444.2023.2283169","article-title":"An updated evaluation of reported no-observed adverse effect levels for chrysotile, amosite, and crocidolite asbestos for lung cancer and mesothelioma","volume":"53","author":"Beckett","year":"2023","journal-title":"Crit Rev Toxicol."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djad262","article-title":"Cancer mortality in chrysotile miners and millers, Russian Federation: main results (Asbest Chrysotile Cohort-Study)","volume":"116","author":"Sch\u00fcz","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comtox.2022.100217","article-title":"Non-linearity in cancer dose-response: the role of exposure duration","volume":"22","author":"Korchevskiy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Comput Toxicol."},{"key":"B26","unstructured":"Worldwide Asbestos supply and consumption trends from 1900 through 2003\n          \n          \n          USGS Circular 1298\n          \n          2006"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1080\/08958378.2018.1435756","article-title":"Asbestos fiber length and its relation to disease risk","volume":"29","author":"Barlow","year":"2017","journal-title":"Inhal Toxicol."},{"key":"B28","year":"2001","journal-title":"Toxicological Profile for Asbestos."},{"key":"B29","article-title":"Transmission electron Microscopy of Asbestos","author":"Chisholm","year":"1983","journal-title":"Asbestos, Volume 2: Properties, Applications and Hazards."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114688","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114688","article-title":"Dimensions of elongate mineral particles and cancer: A review","volume":"230","author":"Wylie","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ Res."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1080\/08958378.2023.2213720","article-title":"Toxicological and epidemiological approaches to carcinogenic potency modeling for mixed mineral fiber exposure: the case of fibrous balangeroite and chrysotile","volume":"35","author":"Korchevskiy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Inhal Toxicol"},{"key":"B32","year":"2018","journal-title":"Occupational Safety and Health Standards: Subpart Z - Toxic and Hazardous Substances: Asbestos"},{"key":"B33","first-page":"417","article-title":"Differential pathological response and pleural transport of mineral fibres","volume-title":"Mineral Fibres: Crystal Chemistry, Chemical-Physical Properties, Biological Interaction and Toxicity","author":"Bernstein","year":"2017"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195178692.003.0006","article-title":"Benign pleural and parenchymal diseases associated with asbestos exposure","volume-title":"Asbestos and Its Diseases.","author":"Craighead","year":"2008"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2006.04.008","article-title":"The health effects of chrysotile: current perspective based upon recent data","volume":"45","author":"Bernstein","year":"2006","journal-title":"Regul Toxicol Pharmacol"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/S0013-9351(05)80207-5","article-title":"Deposition, clearance, and translocation of chrysotile asbestos from peripheral and central regions of the rat lung","volume":"58","author":"Coin","year":"1992","journal-title":"Environ Res."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.94102s5191","article-title":"Investigation of the biodurability of wollastonite and xonotlite","volume":"102","author":"Bellman","year":"1994","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect"},{"key":"B38","article-title":"A human risk banding scheme for high aspect-ratio materials","volume-title":"Synthetic Nano-and Microfibers","author":"Bro\u00dfell","year":"2020"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/ftox.2025.1568513","article-title":"Critical values for dimensional parameters of mesotheliomagenic mineral fibers: evidence from the dimensions and rigidity of MWCNT","author":"Wylie","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Toxicol"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.3390\/fib8050031","article-title":"Measurement of flexural rigidity of multi-walled carbon nanotubes by Dynamic Scanning Electron Microscopy","volume":"8","author":"Fortini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fibers."},{"key":"B41","year":"2009","journal-title":"NIOSH Current Intelligence Bulletin: Asbestos Fibers and Other Elongated Mineral Particles: State of the Science and Roadmap for Research (Revised Draft)"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1080\/08958370591002012","article-title":"Comparison of Calidria chrysotile asbestos to pure tremolite: Final results of the inhalation biopersistence and histopathology examination following short-term exposure","volume":"17","author":"Bernstein","year":"2005","journal-title":"Inhal Toxicol."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1080\/08958370802259053","article-title":"A biopersistence study following exposure to chrysotile asbestos alone or in combination with fine particles","volume":"20","author":"Bernstein","year":"2008","journal-title":"Inhal Toxicol"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1974.65","article-title":"The effects of the inhalation of asbestos in rats","volume":"29","author":"Wagner","year":"1974","journal-title":"Br J Cancer."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1978.105","article-title":"Mass and number of fibres in the pathogenesis of asbestos-related lung disease in rats","volume":"37","author":"Davis","year":"1978","journal-title":"Br J Cancer."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-034185-9.50026-7","article-title":"Chrysotile and crocidolite asbestos pulmonary fibre concentrations and dimensions after inhalation and clearance in Fischer 344 rats","volume":"32","author":"Abraham","year":"1988","journal-title":"Ann Occup Hyg"},{"key":"B47","first-page":"717","article-title":"Comparisons of the pathogenicity of long and short fibres of chrysotile asbestos in rats","volume":"69","author":"Davis","year":"1988","journal-title":"Br J Exp Pathol."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.3109\/08958378.2011.575413","article-title":"Quantification of the pathological response and fate in the lung and pleura of chrysotile in combination with fine particles compared to amosite-asbestos following short-term inhalation exposure","volume":"23","author":"Bernstein","year":"2011","journal-title":"Inhal Toxicol"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.153.1.8542156","article-title":"Black spots concentrate oncogenic asbestos fibers in the parietal pleura. Thoracoscopic and mineralogic study","volume":"153","author":"Boutin","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1080\/10408440802273156","article-title":"A meta-analysis of asbestos-related cancer risk that addresses fiber size and mineral type","volume":"38","author":"Berman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Crit Rev Toxicol"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.3923","article-title":"Modeling mesothelioma risk factors from amphibole fiber dimensionality: mineralogical and epidemiological perspective","volume":"40","author":"Wylie","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Appl Toxicol."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1080\/08958378.2021.1971340","article-title":"Dimensional determinants for the carcinogenic potency of elongate amphibole particles","volume":"33","author":"Korchevskiy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Inhal Toxicol"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101908","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2025.101908","article-title":"Habit of elongate amphibole particles as a predictor of mesothelial carcinogenicity","volume":"14","author":"Korchevskiy","year":"2025","journal-title":"Toxicol Rep."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S39","DOI":"10.21037\/tlcr.2020.02.01","article-title":"How asbestos and other fibers cause mesothelioma","volume":"9","author":"Gaudino","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl Lung Cancer Res"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000325","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2019-000325","article-title":"Cellular cytotoxicity is a form of immunogenic cell death","volume":"8","author":"Minute","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-023-04614-5","article-title":"Preventive and therapeutic opportunities: targeting BAP1 and\/or HMGB1 pathways to diminish the burden of mesothelioma","volume":"21","author":"Carbone","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Transl Med."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.21037\/pcm-21-12","article-title":"Asbestos-induced chronic inflammation in malignant pleural mesothelioma and related therapeutic approaches - a narrative review","volume":"4","author":"Zolondick","year":"2021","journal-title":"Precis Cancer Med."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1177\/1559325819836900","article-title":"Risk analysis implications of dose-response thresholds for NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated diseases: respirable crystalline silica and lung cancer as an example","volume":"17","author":"Cox","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dose Response"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104663","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2020.104663","article-title":"Chronic inflammation, adverse outcome pathways, and risk assessment: a diagrammatic exposition","volume":"114","author":"Cox","year":"2020","journal-title":"Regul Toxicol Pharmacol."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1982.15","article-title":"Mesothelioma mortality in asbestos workers: implications for models of carcinogenesis and risk assessment","volume":"45","author":"Peto","year":"1982","journal-title":"Br J Cancer."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/0160-4120(80)90007-0","article-title":"Threshold and dose response estimation using the \u201cfilter model\u201d","volume":"4","author":"Schaeffer","year":"1980","journal-title":"Environ Int."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.3892\/br.2020.1367","article-title":"Update of in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo fluoro-edenite effects on malignant mesothelioma: a systematic review (Review)","volume":"13","author":"Filetti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed Rep."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10408440802276167","article-title":"Update of potency factors for asbestos-related lung cancer and mesothelioma","volume":"38","author":"Berman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Crit Rev Toxicol"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2015-103074","article-title":"Pleural mesothelioma and lung cancer risks in relation to occupational history and asbestos lung burden","volume":"73","author":"Gilham","year":"2016","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1500.1999.99018.x","article-title":"Dose-response relationship between amphibole fiber lung burden and mesothelioma","volume":"23","author":"R\u00f6delsperger","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cancer Detect Prev."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2018.11.020","article-title":"The linear No-Threshold (LNT) dose response model: A comprehensive assessment of its historical and scientific foundations","volume":"301","author":"Calabrese","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem Biol Interact."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1786","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.118.217182","article-title":"Are we approaching the end of the linear no-threshold era?","volume":"59","author":"Doss","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Nuclear Med."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2511080671","article-title":"The linear no-threshold relationship is inconsistent with radiation biologic and experimental data","volume":"251","author":"Tubiana","year":"2009","journal-title":"Radiology."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.4063","article-title":"Using benchmark dose modeling for the quantitative risk assessment: Carbon nanotubes, asbestos, glyphosate","volume":"41","author":"Korchevskiy","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Appl Toxicol."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.3109\/10408444.2016.1150960","article-title":"An updated evaluation of reported no-observed adverse effect levels for chrysotile asbestos for lung cancer and mesothelioma","volume":"46","author":"Pierce","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit Rev Toxicol."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.23675","article-title":"A review of job assignments and asbestos workplace exposure measurements for TAWP mesothelioma deaths through 2011","volume":"68","author":"Willis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Ind Med"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e104","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0000000000000194","article-title":"An attempt to estimate an exposure threshold is not a scientific exercise-example of silicosis from exposure to quartz dust","volume":"56","author":"Crump","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Occup Environ Med."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14701","DOI":"10.1038\/srep14701","article-title":"An automated fitting procedure and software for dose-response curves with multiphasic features","volume":"5","author":"Di Veroli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1080\/08958378.2019.1640320","article-title":"Empirical model of mesothelioma potency factors for different mineral fibers based on their chemical composition and dimensionality","volume":"31","author":"Korchevskiy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Inhal. Toxicol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Public Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1569343\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T05:30:02Z","timestamp":1747114202000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1569343\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]]},"references-count":74,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1569343"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1569343","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2565","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]]},"article-number":"1569343"}}