{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:28:14Z","timestamp":1787027294112,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]],"date-time":"2025-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748822400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>With the increasing emphasis on the development of adolescents\u2019 character and behavior in modern society, how to effectively cultivate adolescents\u2019 rule awareness has become a pressing issue in the field of education. Despite the increasing emphasis on developing adolescents\u2019 character and behavior, educators face significant challenges in cultivating rule awareness. Traditional educational practices often fall short in integrating physical activity with socio-emotional learning, and they struggle to capture the complex dynamics influencing rule adherence. Rule awareness is not only a crucial foundation for social behavioral norms but also has a profound impact on adolescents\u2019 personal growth and social adaptability. This study investigates the effect of physical activity on adolescents\u2019 rule awareness and reveals the chain mediation effects of friendship quality and emotional intelligence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To explore the relationship between physical activity and adolescents\u2019 rule awareness and analyze the mediating and chain mediating roles of friendship quality and emotional intelligence, a questionnaire survey was conducted with 612 adolescents aged 8\u201316. Data were analyzed using SPSS 27.0 and PROCESS 4.0 for correlation analysis, regression analysis, and mediation effect testing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Physical activity significantly and positively predicted adolescents\u2019 rule awareness. Friendship quality and emotional intelligence played independent mediating roles and formed a chain mediation effect in this process. The study\u2019s findings reveal the complex mechanisms through which physical activity, friendship quality, and emotional intelligence influence adolescents\u2019 rule awareness, providing theoretical foundations and practical insights for further investigating important factors affecting adolescents\u2019 rule awareness, effectively curbing rule violations, and continuously strengthening rule awareness development.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To further enhance adolescents\u2019 rule awareness and maintain social order and stability, both schools and society should create a favorable sporting environment and reasonably increase the amount of physical activity among adolescents.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1581016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]],"date-time":"2025-06-03T02:59:03Z","timestamp":1748919543000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The impact of physical activities on adolescents\u2019 rule consciousness: the chain mediation effect of friendship quality and emotional intelligence"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Jiahui","family":"Peng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deqiao","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"56","volume-title":"Introduction to sociology","author":"Zheng","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.16325\/j.cnki.ynkfdxxb.2024.03.007","article-title":"Research on vocational college students' rule consciousness based on symbolic interaction theory","volume":"26","author":"Gao","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Yunnan Open Univ"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.13585\/j.cnki.gxfdyxk.2023.02.013","article-title":"Cultivation of college students' rule consciousness under the \"three-wide education\" concept","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"J College Adv"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1470322","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1470322","article-title":"The impact of bullying cognition on school bullying among Chinese primary school students: a moderated mediation model of resilience and sex","volume":"12","author":"Fei","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.13844\/j.cnki.jxddxb.2023.04.010","article-title":"Research on online language anomie among adolescents from the perspective of linguistic ethics","volume":"25","author":"Luo","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Jiangxi Open Univ"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.19387\/j.cnki.1009-0592.2019.11.071","article-title":"Social issues and regulations regarding college students' participation in mobile online games","volume":"31","author":"Zhu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Legal Syst Soc"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.16655\/j.cnki.2095-2813.2025.01.042","article-title":"Exploration of ideological elements in college football curriculum under the moral education concept","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Contemp Sports Technol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.16194\/j.cnki.31-1059\/g4.2023.02.001","article-title":"Exploration of rule consciousness cultivation in primary school physical education for moral development","volume":"2","author":"Zhu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Shanghai Educ Res"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.16063\/j.cnki.issn1001-747x.2022.01.015","article-title":"Ideological and political elements in martial arts courses for physical education majors: analysis of teaching cases","volume":"39","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Xi'an Phys Educ Univ"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.16063\/j.cnki.issn1001-747x.2021.03.008","article-title":"The value of sports in constructing a new paradigm of well-being in the new era","volume":"38","author":"Guo","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Xi'an Phys Educ Univ"},{"key":"ref11","volume-title":"Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory","author":"Bandura","year":"1986"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01547940","article-title":"Socialization influences of collegiate female athletes: a tale of two decades","volume":"33","author":"Weiss","year":"1995","journal-title":"Sex Roles"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/1750984X.2016.1180704","article-title":"A grounded theory of positive youth development through sport based on results from a qualitative meta-study","volume":"10","author":"Holt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int Rev Sport Exerc Psychol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116+118","DOI":"10.16655\/j.cnki.2095-2813.2019.29.116","article-title":"Research on the penetration strategies of moral education in physical education. Contemporary","volume":"9","author":"Qi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sports Technol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.16655\/j.cnki.2095-2813.2018.26.086","article-title":"Research on the cultivation of rule consciousness in college public physical education","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Contemp Sports Technol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2013.06.003","article-title":"Understanding loneliness during adolescence: developmental changes that increase the risk of perceived social isolation","volume":"36","author":"Laursen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Adolesc"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1111\/jora.12639","article-title":"Moral development in adolescence","volume":"31","author":"Malti","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Res Adolesc"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.13297\/j.cnki.issn1005-0000.2010.03.010","article-title":"Model construction of peer relationships, sports motivation, and behavioral engagement in adolescents","volume":"25","author":"Zhu","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Tianjin Univ Sport"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.13830\/j.cnki.cn44-1129\/g8.2023.06.08","article-title":"The influence of peer sports friendship on adolescents' physical exercise behavior: the masking effect of exercise self-efficacy and sports commitment","volume":"43","author":"Ma","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Guangzhou Sport Univ"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1123\/tsp.13.4.395","article-title":"The influence of the family in the development of talent in sport","volume":"13","author":"C\u00f4t\u00e9","year":"1999","journal-title":"Sport Psychol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1016\/S0191-8869(02)00242-8","article-title":"Emotional intelligence, personality, and the perceived quality of social relationships","volume":"35","author":"Lopes","year":"2003","journal-title":"Personal Individ Differ"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.51.1.665","article-title":"Emotion, regulation, and moral development","volume":"51","author":"Eisenberg","year":"2000","journal-title":"Annu Rev Psychol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1123\/jsep.27.4.407","article-title":"Development and validation of the sport emotion questionnaire","volume":"27","author":"Jones","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Sport Exerc Psychol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.16835\/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.01.017","article-title":"Mediating effect of emotional regulation between physical activity and implicit problem behaviors in adolescents","volume":"38","author":"Nie","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chin J School Health"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.clinpsy.121208.131208","article-title":"Emotion-related self-regulation and its relation to children's maladjustment","volume":"6","author":"Eisenberg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annu Rev Clin Psychol"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.16655\/j.cnki.2095-2813.2025.03.039","article-title":"Effective strategies for integrating moral education into secondary school sports training","volume":"15","author":"Du","year":"2025","journal-title":"Contemp Sports Technol"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.16550\/j.cnki.issn.2095-9214.2024.16.025","article-title":"Design and implementation strategies of children's sports activities from the perspective of preschool-primary transition","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Asia-Pacific Educ"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1997","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-020-00719-y","article-title":"Does positive parenting predict pro-social behavior and friendship quality among adolescents? Emotional intelligence as a mediator","volume":"41","author":"Batool","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Psychol"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.13940\/j.cnki.lntykj.2022.05.020","article-title":"Analysis of ideological elements and teaching cases in college tai chi curriculum in the new era","volume":"44","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Liaoning Sport Sci Technol"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12954","DOI":"10.3390\/su132312954","article-title":"Cannabis use and emotional intelligence in adolescents during COVID-19 confinement: a social network analysis approach","volume":"13","author":"Cristina","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sustain For"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.19327\/j.cnki.zuaxb.1009-1750.2022.02.017","article-title":"Re-examination of marathon sustainability from the perspective of body theory","volume":"41","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Zhengzhou Univ Aeron"},{"key":"ref32","first-page":"5","article-title":"Stress levels of college students and their relationship with physical exercise","volume":"8","author":"Liang","year":"1994","journal-title":"Chin Ment Health J"},{"key":"ref33","first-page":"743","article-title":"Children's peer interactions and loneliness: a two-year longitudinal study","volume":"38","author":"Zhou","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Psychol Sin"},{"key":"ref34","first-page":"298","article-title":"The relationship between emotional intelligence and anxiety, depression, and mood in college students","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chin J Clin Psych"},{"key":"ref35","first-page":"942","article-title":"Statistical remedies for common method biases","volume":"12","author":"Zhou","year":"2004","journal-title":"Adv Psychol Sci"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.15930\/j.cnki.wtxb.2019.07.014","article-title":"The impact of friendship quality on internet addiction among adolescent athletes: the chain mediating role of loneliness and sports psychological fatigue","volume":"53","author":"Qiu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Wuhan Inst Phys Educ"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.13718\/j.cnki.xsxb.2007.01.031","article-title":"Research on the relationship between sports friendship quality and adolescents' sports behavior and social cognition","volume":"1","author":"Qiu","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Southwest China Normal Univ"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12510","article-title":"Emotional intelligence in sport and exercise: a systematic review","volume":"26","author":"Laborde","year":"2016","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1126\/science.289.5479.591","article-title":"Dysfunction in the neural circuitry of emotion regulation\u2014a possible prelude to violence","volume":"289","author":"Davidson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11020205","article-title":"Effects of mind-body exercise on brain structure and function: a systematic review on MRI studies","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2805","article-title":"The functional role of the parieto-frontal mirror circuit: interpretations and misinterpretations","volume":"11","author":"Rizzolatti","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1037\/bul0000110","article-title":"Coping, emotion regulation, and psychopathology in childhood and adolescence: a meta-analysis and narrative review","volume":"143","author":"Compas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2011.01709.x","article-title":"A behavior-genetic study of the legacy of early caregiving experiences: academic skills, social competence, and externalizing behavior in kindergarten","volume":"83","author":"Roisman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Child Dev"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101987","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychsport.2021.101987","article-title":"Psychological pressure and compounded errors during elite-level tennis","volume":"56","author":"Harris","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychol Sport Exerc"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.132.1.98","article-title":"A review of sex differences in peer relationship processes: potential trade-offs for the emotional and behavioral development of girls and boys","volume":"132","author":"Rose","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-020-01715-6","article-title":"Mitochondrial DNA copy number and incident atrial fibrillation","volume":"18","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"ref47","volume-title":"The relationship between emotional intelligence and junior high school students\u2019 friendship quality: the chain mediating role of interpersonal trust and selfesteem","author":"Liu","year":"2023"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Public Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1581016\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]],"date-time":"2025-06-03T02:59:18Z","timestamp":1748919558000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1581016\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]]},"references-count":47,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1581016"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1581016","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2565","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]]},"article-number":"1581016"}}