{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T23:19:00Z","timestamp":1793661540325,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747785600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:p>As the global population ages, China faces unique challenges due to its rapid economic development and societal changes. The older adult population in China, especially females, is growing rapidly, with women outnumbering men in older age groups. Gender disparities in aging manifest in physiological, psychological, and social aspects, including higher risks of cardiovascular diseases in older adultmen and osteoporosis in older adult women. China\u2019s rapidly aging population faces profound gender disparities in health outcomes, shaped by biological, social, and cultural determinants. Synthesizing data from the Global Burden of Disease study and national surveys, this perspective highlights elevated cardiovascular risks among older adult men, osteoporosis prevalence in women, and systemic inequities in healthcare access. We propose gender-sensitive strategies spanning research, policy, and societal awareness to advance equitable healthy aging.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1587922","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]],"date-time":"2025-05-22T09:35:53Z","timestamp":1747906553000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Gender disparities in healthy ageing in China: current status and future prospects"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Jiajia","family":"Deng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingshuai","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenyu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12126","article-title":"The aging population: demographics and the biology of aging","volume":"72","author":"Kanasi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Periodontol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.46234\/ccdcw2021.158","article-title":"Trends and challenges for population and health during population aging - China, 2015-2050","volume":"3","author":"Luo","year":"2021","journal-title":"China CDC Wkly"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-024-01372-2","article-title":"Neglecting sex and gender in research is a public-health risk","volume":"629","author":"Haupt","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1300\/J074v17n01_10","article-title":"Older women and family care in Hong Kong: differences in filial expectation and practices","volume":"17","author":"Lee","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Women Aging"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"829678","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.829678","article-title":"Mediating effect of filial piety between the Elderly's family resource contribution and their family power: evidence from China","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.03.078","article-title":"Gender-specific prevalence and influencing factors of depression in elderly in rural China: a cross-sectional study","volume":"288","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1080\/08952841.2021.1988313","article-title":"Gender differences in the score and influencing factors of social participation among Chinese elderly","volume":"34","author":"Yuying","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Women Aging"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1439857","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1439857","article-title":"Exploring urban-rural inequities in older adults life expectancy: a case study in Zhejiang, China for health equity","volume":"13","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jeoa.2014.08.006","article-title":"Healthy aging in China","volume":"4","author":"Smith","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Econ Ageing"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1159\/000323154","article-title":"Geropsychology: the gender gap in human aging \u2013 a Mini-review","volume":"57","author":"Kryspin-Exner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gerontology"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14220","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-14631-2","article-title":"Impact of hypertension versus diabetes on cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in Iranian older adults: results of 14 years of follow-up","volume":"7","author":"Zafari","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.120.315930","article-title":"Sex as a biological variable in atherosclerosis","volume":"126","author":"Man","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-021-02821-8","article-title":"Global prevalence of osteoporosis among the world older adults: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Salari","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32137-2","article-title":"Effects of teriparatide and risedronate on new fractures in post-menopausal women with severe osteoporosis (VERO): a multicentre, double-blind, double-dummy, randomised controlled trial","volume":"391","author":"Kendler","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e230116","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-23-0116","article-title":"Postmenopausal osteoporosis coexisting with sarcopenia: the role and mechanisms of estrogen","volume":"259","author":"Lu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4701","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16234701","article-title":"Osteoarthritis in the middle-aged and elderly in China: prevalence and influencing factors","volume":"16","author":"Sun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0000000000001831","article-title":"The 2021 position statement of the North American Menopause Society","volume":"28","year":"2021","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbr111","article-title":"Independence through social networks: bridging potential among older women and men","volume":"66","author":"Cornwell","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2018.1492030","article-title":"Everyday life in older men living alone - a complex view needing a biopsychosocial perspective","volume":"42","author":"von Heideken","year":"2020","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.26444\/aaem\/125753","article-title":"Gender gap in health condition and quality of life at advanced age","volume":"27","author":"Raczkiewicz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Agric Environ Med"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-017-1339-3","article-title":"Loneliness and depression in the elderly: the role of social network","volume":"52","author":"Dom\u00e8nech-Abella","year":"2017","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2019.09.004","article-title":"Gender, mental health and ageing","volume":"129","author":"Kiely","year":"2019","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e34799","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0034799","article-title":"Social determinants of self-reported health in women and men: understanding the role of gender in population health","volume":"7","author":"Hosseinpoor","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00106323","DOI":"10.1590\/0102-311xen106323","article-title":"The association between social support and self-rated health in midlife: are men more affected than women?","volume":"39","author":"Passarelli-Araujo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cad Saude Publica"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02660-X","article-title":"Understanding the social determinants of health","volume":"399","author":"Vart","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.58.1.5","article-title":"Men, masculinity, and the contexts of help seeking","volume":"58","author":"Addis","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am Psychol"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2018.1558174","article-title":"Predictors of loneliness incidence in Chinese older adults from a life course perspective: a national longitudinal study","volume":"24","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging Ment Health"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e019938","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.120.019938","article-title":"Sex differences in prehospital delays in patients with ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention","volume":"10","author":"Stehli","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104567","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2021.104567","article-title":"Relationship between negative stereotypes toward aging and multidimensional variables in older people living in two different social environments","volume":"98","author":"Doncel-Garc\u00eda","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2023.07.039","article-title":"Trends and disparities in China's cardiovascular disease burden from 1990 to 2019","volume":"33","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e840","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(20)30127-3","article-title":"Physical multimorbidity, health service use, and catastrophic health expenditure by socioeconomic groups in China: an analysis of population-based panel data","volume":"8","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2023.102165","article-title":"Prevalence and patterns of multimorbidity in China during 2002-2022: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"93","author":"Hu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103848","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2025.103848","article-title":"The stroke burden in China and its long-term trends: insights from the global burden of disease (GBD) study 1990-2021","author":"Ji","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"ref34","first-page":"1","article-title":"Gender differences of the elderly in population and social characteristics in China","volume":"2","author":"Qiao","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Shandong Women's University"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1967","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)01546-X","article-title":"The path to healthy ageing in China: a Peking University-lancet commission","volume":"400","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dys203","article-title":"Cohort profile: the China health and retirement longitudinal study (CHARLS)","volume":"43","author":"Zhao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1381273","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1381273","article-title":"Depressive symptoms and all-cause mortality among middle-aged and older people in China and associations with chronic diseases","volume":"12","author":"Zhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"ref38","article-title":"who.int, China [Country overview]","year":"","journal-title":"Menopause"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Public Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1587922\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]],"date-time":"2025-05-22T09:35:56Z","timestamp":1747906556000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1587922\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]]},"references-count":38,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1587922"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1587922","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2565","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]]},"article-number":"1587922"}}