{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T16:16:14Z","timestamp":1790612174451,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,6]],"date-time":"2025-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749168000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This systematic review with meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the available body of published peer-reviewed studies on the effects of boxing (BOX) interventions on balance, cardiorespiratory fitness, motor function, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in older people with Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A comprehensive search of the literature, including peer-reviewed randomized and non-randomized controlled trials, was conducted to December 2024 in the databases of PubMed, Medline, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection (EBSCO), CINAHL Complete, Scopus, and Web of Science (core collection). A random-effects model was employed, and Hedge\u2019s g effect sizes (ES) were computed. The GRADE, RoB 2, ROBIN-1, TESTEX, and PRISMA tools evaluated the methodological quality and certainty of evidence. The protocol (code: CRD42024614097) was registered in PROSPERO.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Eight studies were included, with 100 older people with PD, of which only three could be meta-analyzed. No significant effects were evident (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.05), which were small to moderate effects of BOX on ABC-Scale (ES\u202f=\u202f\u22120.56;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.13), Timed Up-And-Go (TUG; ES\u202f=\u202f0.24;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.34), TUG dual task (ES\u202f=\u202f0.20;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.41), 6-min walking test (ES\u202f=\u202f2.16;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.23), and PD Quality of Life Questionnaire (ES\u202f=\u202f\u22120.009;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.98).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>BOX interventions do not significantly improve balance, cardiorespiratory fitness, and health-related quality of life in older people with PD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1589512","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,6]],"date-time":"2025-06-06T08:31:58Z","timestamp":1749198718000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Effects of boxing interventions on physical fitness and health-related quality of life in older people with Parkinson\u2019s disease: a systematic review with meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Jordan","family":"Hernandez-Martinez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Izham","family":"Cid-Calfucura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edgar","family":"V\u00e1zquez-Carrasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Fritz-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom\u00e1s","family":"Herrera-Valenzuela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Braulio Henrique Magnani","family":"Branco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Zapata-Bastias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pablo","family":"Vald\u00e9s-Badilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2051","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awz111","article-title":"Evolution of prodromal Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies: a prospective study","volume":"142","author":"Fereshtehnejad","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9832839","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/9832839","article-title":"Pathophysiology of motor dysfunction in Parkinson's disease as the rationale for drug treatment and 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