{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]],"date-time":"2025-07-04T06:10:06Z","timestamp":1751609406633,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]],"date-time":"2025-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751587200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aims to understand the major challenges facing China\u2019s rural pre-hospital emergency care in terms of coordination and cooperation. We focus particularly on the three-tier emergency care providers and their surrounding support units to explore the systematic and strategic gaps within the system. Based on these findings and general systems theory, we propose construction strategies for China\u2019s rural emergency linkage system. This research provides new approaches for improving China\u2019s overall rural emergency care capacity and offers reference points for rural emergency care development in other countries.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We visited 6 rural areas across 5 provinces and municipalities in China (Beijing, Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Jiangxi). We conducted semi-structured interviews with 28 grassroots emergency care personnel, including villagers with emergency care experience, village doctors, village officials, and emergency center staff. Through these interviews, we conducted in-depth research on the challenges facing rural emergency care coordination and gathered specific recommendations for improvement.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In current rural pre-hospital emergency care practice in China, coordination between different units remains insufficient, and the overall system development is still incomplete. The three-tier emergency care providers lack adequate information sharing, clear division of emergency responsibilities, and personnel exchange. Additionally, social and environmental factors such as funding limitations, compensation distribution issues, and rural transportation planning create barriers to rural emergency care development.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The construction strategy for China\u2019s rural emergency linkage system consists of two main components: the \u201cemergency central system\u201d and the \u201cemergency peripheral system.\u201d The central system focuses on integrating information sharing, medical care coordination, and human resources among emergency care providers. The peripheral system addresses economic support, road and address management, and strengthening emergency transportation capacity. Together, these systems can effectively enhance coordination within the emergency care system and improve the overall effectiveness of China\u2019s rural emergency care.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1611273","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]],"date-time":"2025-07-04T05:28:30Z","timestamp":1751606910000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Research on the construction strategy of China\u2019s rural emergency linkage system from the perspective of systems theory\u2014based on the survey of six regions in China"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Xinyang","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuning","family":"Jiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zihao","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tianyao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuyao","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuting","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Nie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1271825","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/1271825","article-title":"Analysis on the influence of Western ecological aesthetics on environmental Design of China\u2019s \u201cbeautiful countryside\u201d","volume":"2022","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Environ Public Health"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2024.03.050","article-title":"(2024). 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