{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T06:10:59Z","timestamp":1759903859163,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759881600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to evaluate the epidemiological characteristics and long-term trends of bloodborne occupational exposure (BOE) among healthcare workers (HCWs) in a tertiary hospital in China from 2012 to 2022 (11\u202fyears) and evaluate BOE-associated factors during COVID-19 pandemic.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 1,725 self-reported cases of BOE were analyzed. The study comprised: (1) Descriptive analysis of demographic and professional variables; (2) Trend analysis of exposure events by season, month, sex, age, professional role, department, exposure source and occupational factors; and (3) Logistic regression analysis, with BOEs during the COVID-19 pandemic as the dependent variable.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>BOEs were most prevalent among female, formally employed staff, nurses, 25-year-olds, those with 1\u20135\u202fyears of experience, and junior-title holders. High-risk settings included the neurosurgery department and wards; common exposure types were needlestick injuries (mostly to ungloved hands) and first-time exposures. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) was the primary exposure source, with most exposed individuals having a prior HBV vaccination history. Exposure frequency peaked in December and the fourth quarter of the year. (1) Longitudinal trends showed rising BOE incidence in December, spring, and among specific groups: females, 25-year-olds, hospital doctors (including postgraduate\/doctoral trainees), nurses (including interns), and staff with 10\u201315\u202fyears of experience. Syphilis\/suspected syphilis-related exposures also demonstrated an upward trend. (2) Logistic regression identified exposure month, occupation, length of service as independent factors associated with BOE during the COVID-19 pandemic (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&amp;lt;0.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Targeted prevention and control strategies that focus on high-risk personnel, clinical departments, and specific procedures are essential to reduce the incidence of BOE among healthcare workers. Particular attention is required during public health emergencies (e.g., the COVID-19 pandemic), especially in addressing the January exposure peak, protecting physicians and mid-career staff with 16\u201320\u202fyears of service, and establishing cross-institutional mechanisms for coordinated BOE reporting and follow-up of support staff, in order to further minimize occupational risks. In addition, preventive measures such as targeted training programs, simulation-based exercises, and routine monitoring of HBV immunization status should be systematically implemented for trainees and newly recruited personnel.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1619355","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T05:42:06Z","timestamp":1759902126000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Trends and risk factors of bloodborne occupational exposure among healthcare workers in a Chinese tertiary hospital (2012\u20132022)"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Liyi","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shentai","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tianyuan","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuhua","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mengsha","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yating","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e21288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e21288","article-title":"A survey of bloodborne occupational exposure protection behavior among qualified Chinese midwives: across-sectional study","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1984","DOI":"10.1002\/nop2.1200","article-title":"Prevalence, emotional and follow-up burden of insulin injection-related needle-stick injuries among clinical nurses in Shaanxi Province, west of China: a cross-sectional study","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nurs Open"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1080\/13696998.2020.1737534","article-title":"Economic burden of needlestick injuries among healthcare workers in China","volume":"23","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Med Econ"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S451615","article-title":"Risk factors for occupational blood exposure, compliance with policies of infection prevention and control, and costs associated with post exposure management among nursing staff","volume":"26","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Infect Drug Resist"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4192","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17124192","article-title":"Cost of blood and body fluid occupational exposure Management in Beijing, China","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"ref6","volume-title":"Occupational safety and health administration healthcare wide hazards needlestick\/sharps injuries","year":""},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1080\/1357628031000116808","article-title":"The world health report 2002 - reducing risks, promoting healthy life","volume":"16","author":"Guilbert","year":"2003","journal-title":"Educ Health"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912-022-01090-y","article-title":"Prevalence and influence factors of occupational exposure to blood and body fluids in registered Chinese nurses: a national cross-sectional study","volume":"21","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Nurs"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1786","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.12.042","article-title":"Contaminated sharps injuries: a survey among dermatology residents","volume":"80","author":"Ken","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"ref10","volume-title":"Guidelines for BOE protection to Bloodborne Pathogensn","year":""},{"key":"ref11","volume-title":"Law on the prevention and control of infectious diseases of the People's Republic of China","year":""},{"key":"ref12","volume-title":"The regulations on hospital infection management","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref13","volume-title":"Guidelines on BOE protection of HCWs to HIV (trial)","year":""},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.20473\/jbe.V9I12021.36-43","article-title":"Risk factors of needlestick and sharp injuries among health care workers at Sanglah tertiary hospital","volume":"9","author":"Atmaja","year":"2021","journal-title":"Jurnal Berkala Epidemiologi"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.14699","article-title":"The associations of workload, individual and organisational factors on nurses\u2019 occupational injuries","volume":"28","author":"Bagheri Hosseinabadi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Nurs"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.33720\/kisgd.1297252","article-title":"An assessment of occupational accidents and diseases among female healthcare personnel in human health services","volume":"7","author":"I\u015f\u0131k Demirarslan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Karaelmas \u0130\u015f Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve G\u00fcvenli\u011fi Dergisi"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6582","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2021.07.031","article-title":"Pattern and risk factors of sharp object injuries among health care workers in two tertiary hospitals, Al Taif-Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 2016-2018","volume":"28","author":"Fadil","year":"2021","journal-title":"Saudi J Biol Sci"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"417","article-title":"The prevalence of needle-stick injuries among healthcare Workers in Dasht-e-Azadegan, southern west of Iran","volume":"5","author":"Salmanzadeh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Pharmaceutical Res Allied Sci"},{"key":"ref19","first-page":"131","article-title":"Study of theneedle sticks injury (NSI) among the Zanjan educational hospitals staff","volume":"21","author":"Shoghli","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Adv Med Biomed Res"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912-020-00422-0","article-title":"Magnitude and associated factors of needle stick and sharps injuries among health care workers in Dessie City hospitals, north East Ethiopia","volume":"19","author":"Assen","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Nurs"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s12199-017-0691-y","article-title":"Sharp injuries: a cross-sectional study among health care workers in a provincial teaching hospital in China","volume":"23","author":"Cui","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ Health Prev Med"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5698483","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/5698483","article-title":"Investigation and analysis of sharp injuries among health care workers from 36 hospitals in Shandong Province, China","volume":"11","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1159\/000368234","article-title":"Occupational exposure to blood and body fluids among health-care workers in Serbia","volume":"24","author":"Markovi\u0107-Deni\u0107","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med Princ Pract"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1498","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-05436-z","article-title":"Investigation of the occupational exposure to blood-borne pathogens of staff at a third-class specialist hospital in 2015-2018: a retrospective study","volume":"12","author":"Ji","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0b013e3182614580","article-title":"An intervention with third-year medical students to encourage the reporting and management of occupational exposures","volume":"87","author":"Kobets","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acad Med"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1497.2005.0092.x","article-title":"Brief report: needlestick injury and inadequate post-exposure practice in medical students","volume":"20","author":"Cervini","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"31","article-title":"Risk factors of needlestick and sharps injuries among healthcare workers","volume":"2","author":"Gholami","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Hospital Res"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Public Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1619355\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T05:42:08Z","timestamp":1759902128000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1619355\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]]},"references-count":27,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1619355"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1619355","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2565","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]]},"article-number":"1619355"}}